This Tamil short story, translated into English, follows eight-year-old Valli's first independent bus journey — a seemingly simple adventure that ends with a profound encounter with the mystery of life and death.
Think 1: Have you ever made a plan entirely on your own — without telling any adult? What made you want to do it secretly? What did you feel when you carried it out?
Think 2: Look at the words below — tick which ones you think will appear in this story about a bus journey: platform / conductor / fare / gleaming / thoroughfare / wistfully / repulsive / merchandise / haunted / spreadeagled
Think 3: Valli is eight years old and deeply curious about the world. She has never ridden a bus but has watched one pass her house every day. What do you think she imagines the bus journey will be like? How might the reality surprise her?
Vocabulary Warm-Up
Wistfully With a longing, slightly sad gaze
Discreet Careful and cautious; avoiding notice
Haughtily With an attitude of proud superiority
Repulsive Causing strong dislike; revolting
Thriftily Spending money carefully and sparingly
Dampening Making less enthusiastic; subduing
Reading Focus: (1) How does Valli plan and execute her bus journey — what obstacles does she overcome? (2) How does her character emerge through her interactions on the bus? (3) What is the significance of the dead cow — how does it change Valli's mood? (4) What does the story suggest about childhood, innocence, and the first encounter with death?
VK
Vallikkannan (translated by K.S. Sundaram)
Tamil AuthorShort FictionTranslated LiteratureIllustrated by R.K. Laxman
Vallikkannan is a celebrated Tamil short-story writer whose work explores everyday life in rural and semi-urban Tamil Nadu with warmth, precision, and psychological depth. "Madam Rides the Bus" was translated from Tamil by K.S. Sundaram and is illustrated in the NCERT edition by the legendary cartoonist R.K. Laxman. The story is remarkable for capturing an eight-year-old's consciousness — her pride, her curiosity, her joy, and her first bewildering encounter with death — all through the lens of a single bus journey.
The Story — Part I: The Dream and the Plan
1
There was a girl named Valliammai — Valli for short — who was eight years old and tremendously curious about everything around her. Her favourite way to spend time was standing at the front doorway of her house, watching whatever happened on the street outside. She had no playmates her own age on her street, so this doorway vigil was her entire entertainment. Imagery
2
The most fascinating sight of all was the bus that ran between her village and the nearest town — passing her street once an hour, going one way and then returning. Each time it passed, it carried a completely different set of passengers, and this fact alone filled Valli with unending joy. Day after day she watched, and slowly a small wish took root in her mind and grew: she wanted to ride on that bus, just once. The wish became stronger and stronger until it was an overwhelming desire. Symbolism
3
Valli would gaze wistfully at the passengers who got on or off. Their faces stirred longings, dreams, and hopes in her heart. When a friend tried to describe the town's sights, Valli was too jealous to listen and would shout "Proud! Proud!" — a slang term she and her friends used to express disapproval, though neither quite understood its real meaning. Irony
4
Over many months, Valli listened carefully to conversations between neighbours and regular bus passengers, and asked discreet questions. She gathered that the town was six miles away; the one-way fare was thirty paise — "almost nothing at all," a well-dressed man had said, though to Valli, who rarely saw that much money, it seemed a fortune. The journey took forty-five minutes. If she stayed in her seat on arrival and paid another thirty paise, she could ride the same bus home — leaving on the one o'clock bus and returning by two forty-five. She calculated and recalculated, planned and replanned. Imagery
Read and Find Out — Section I
What was Valli's favourite pastime? What was the source of her greatest joy?
What did Valli find out about the bus journey? How did she gather this information?
What do you think Valli was planning to do? What clues in the text suggest this?
Ans 1: Valli's favourite pastime was standing at her front doorway watching the street. Her greatest joy was watching the bus — which carried a new set of passengers each hour — pass her house.
Ans 2: Valli learnt that the town was six miles away, the fare was thirty paise one way (sixty paise return), and the journey took forty-five minutes. She gathered this by listening carefully to neighbours' conversations and asking discreet questions.
Ans 3: Valli was planning to ride the bus to town and back on her own — using her own saved money, without her mother's knowledge. The clues are her systematic information-gathering, her calculations of time and money, and her growing "overwhelming desire" to make the trip.
Part II: The Journey Begins
5
One fine spring afternoon, the bus was just about to leave when a small voice cried "Stop the bus! Stop the bus!" and a tiny hand was raised commandingly. The bus slowed, the conductor leaned out, and Valli announced: "It's me. I'm the one who has to get on." The conductor, a jolly, joking type, offered his hand to help her up. "Never mind," she said firmly, "I can get on by myself." Irony
6
The conductor, delighted, called her "madam" and asked passengers to make way for her. There were only six or seven passengers — it was a quiet time of day. Valli was overcome with shyness and sat quickly in an empty seat. When the conductor asked if they could start, he blew his whistle and the bus moved forward with a roar. Imagery
7
The bus was new and gleaming — painted white with green stripes, overhead bars shining like silver, a beautiful clock above the windshield, soft luxurious seats. Valli devoured it all with her eyes. When she looked outside, a canvas blind blocked her lower view, so she stood on the seat to peer over it. The road ran along a canal bank — palm trees and green grassland and mountains on one side; deep ditch and endless green fields on the other. Imagery "Oh, it was all so wonderful!" she breathed.
8
An elderly man told her to sit down. "There's nobody here who's a child," Valli said haughtily. "I've paid my thirty paise like everyone else." The conductor joined in, calling her "a very grown-up madam" who had paid her own fare. Valli shot an angry glance and reminded him he had not yet given her ticket. He handed it over — and everyone laughed, including Valli eventually. Later, an elderly woman sat beside her and asked intrusive questions. Valli found her repulsive — the large earring holes, the smell of betel nut, the drivel. "You needn't bother about me. I can take care of myself," Valli said, turning firmly to the window. Irony
Read and Find Out — Section II
Why does the conductor call Valli "madam"? What does this reveal about her personality?
Why does Valli stand up on the seat? What does she see?
Why didn't Valli want to make friends with the elderly woman on the bus?
Ans 1: The conductor calls Valli "madam" in gentle mockery of her grown-up airs — she has paid her own fare and speaks with remarkable self-assurance for an eight-year-old. The term is ironic but also affectionate. It reveals Valli's fierce independence and her refusal to be treated as a child.
Ans 2: Valli stands because the canvas blind blocks her view of the outside. She sees a beautiful landscape: a canal road with palm trees, grassland, distant mountains, and endless green fields stretching to the horizon.
Ans 3: Valli found the elderly woman physically unpleasant (the large holes in her ear lobes, the smell of betel nut) and was annoyed by her intrusive questions about where Valli was going. Valli preferred the dignity of silence and the view from the window.
Part III & IV: The Town, the Return, and the Dead Cow
9
The previous months' preparations were briefly remembered: Valli had saved every stray coin she received — resisting peppermints, toys, and balloons — until she had sixty paise. She had even resisted the merry-go-round at the village fair, though she had the money. Her greatest problem had been slipping out without her mother's knowledge — but her mother's afternoon nap from one to four made it possible. Symbolism
10
The bus rolled on through bare land, small villages, and roadside shops. Imagery Sometimes it seemed about to swallow an oncoming vehicle or a pedestrian — but somehow always passed smoothly on. Trees seemed to run towards the bus and then stop helplessly at the roadside. Personification Then — joy! — a young cow with tail high in the air galloped right in front of the bus. The driver honked again and again; the more he honked, the faster the cow ran, always just ahead. Valli laughed until tears came to her eyes. The conductor called, "Hey, lady, haven't you laughed enough? Save some for tomorrow." Imagery
11
At the town, when everyone got off, Valli stayed in her seat. She paid another thirty paise for the return journey. The conductor was amused — but she was firm. She had no money for drinks at the stall, and she would not accept his offer to treat her. She simply waited for the return bus. On the way back, everything seemed just as wonderful — the same sights, the same excitement. And then she saw it. Imagery
12
A young cow lay dead by the roadside — struck by some fast-moving vehicle. It was the same cow that had delighted her on the journey out. Symbolism What had moments ago been a lovable, beautiful creature now lay with legs spreadeagled, its lifeless eyes fixed in a glassy stare, blood all around it. Valli was overcome with sadness. The memory haunted her, dampening her enthusiasm completely. She no longer wanted to look out the window. Irony
13
The bus reached her village at three forty. Valli stretched, said goodbye to the conductor ("Well, sir, I hope to see you again"), and ran straight home. Her mother was awake, talking to an aunt — a great chatterbox who barely noticed Valli's arrival. Her mother was saying: "So many things in our midst and in the world outside. How can we possibly know about everything? And even when we do know about something, we often can't understand it completely, can we?" "Oh, yes!" Valli breathed. Irony Her mother asked what she meant; Valli smiled a secret smile and said nothing. There wasn't much chance they would understand, was there?
Read and Find Out — Sections III & IV
How had Valli saved money for the trip? What temptations did she resist?
What sight dampened Valli's enthusiasm on the return journey? Why did it affect her so deeply?
What is the significance of Valli's mother's words at the end? Why does Valli smile secretly?
Ans 1: Valli saved every coin that came her way — resisting peppermints, toys, balloons, and even the merry-go-round at the village fair — until she had sixty paise. She timed her trip to coincide with her mother's afternoon nap.
Ans 2: On the return journey, Valli saw the same young cow that had made her laugh — now dead by the roadside, hit by a vehicle. The shock was immense: what had been a source of pure joy moments ago was now a horrible, frightening sight. It was Valli's first real confrontation with the reality of death.
Ans 3: Valli's mother says that we often can't fully understand things even when we know about them. Valli secretly agrees — she has just experienced something (the shock of death) that she "knows" in a new, visceral way but cannot yet fully understand. Her secret smile reflects a new, private knowledge that separates her, for a moment, from the adult world around her.
Character Map — Madam Rides the Bus
Valli — The Protagonist: An eight-year-old girl of extraordinary determination, independence, and curiosity. She plans the bus journey meticulously over months, saves money by resisting every temptation, and executes the trip with confidence and self-possession. On the bus she is simultaneously a child (her wonder at the scenery) and a tiny adult (her refusal of help, her haughty assertions). The dead cow transforms her: in one moment she passes from innocent joy to a first, bewildering understanding of death.
The Conductor: A jolly, good-natured man who takes an immediate liking to Valli. He calls her "madam" with affectionate irony, jokes with passengers about her, and eventually becomes charmed by her spirit. He is the adult who treats her most equally — neither condescending nor overly solicitous. His offer to buy her a cold drink shows genuine warmth.
Valli's Mother: Though she appears only briefly, Valli's mother is a significant figure. Her afternoon nap is the window Valli exploits. Her final words — about how much happens in the world that we cannot know or fully understand — accidentally but perfectly articulate what Valli has just experienced. The irony is profound: the mother speaks the truth without knowing it applies to her own daughter's secret journey.
The Elderly Woman: A minor but revealing character. Her intrusive questions and physical unpleasantness (large earring holes, betel nut smell) trigger Valli's sharpest social snobbery. Valli's reaction to her reveals the child's tendency to judge by appearance — a quality the author portrays with gentle irony rather than condemnation.
The Young Cow: The story's most powerful symbol. Alive, the cow is a source of pure delight — galloping ahead of the bus, tail held high, causing Valli to laugh until she cries. Dead, the same cow becomes a horrible, frightening sight that permanently alters the tone of the story. The cow symbolises the fragility of life and the sudden, arbitrary nature of death — making it Valli's most important encounter of the day.
Plot Arc — Freytag's Pyramid
1. Exposition — Valli's world and her wish: We are introduced to eight-year-old Valli who stands at her doorway watching the bus every day. A growing desire to ride it takes root and becomes an obsession. She gathers information carefully and secretly saves sixty paise over many months, resisting every temptation.
2. Rising Action — The journey to town: Valli boards the bus alone and confidently. She interacts with the conductor (who calls her "madam"), stands on her seat to see the view, rebuffs the elderly man and woman, and is delighted by the laughing cow running ahead of the bus. Her joy builds as she reaches town.
3. Climax — The dead cow: On the return journey, Valli sees the same young cow — now dead by the roadside, its legs spreadeagled, blood around it. This is the story's emotional peak: the moment Valli's innocent joy is shattered by her first real encounter with death. The cow she laughed at is now a terrible, frightening sight.
4. Falling Action — The dampened return: The memory of the dead cow haunts Valli. She no longer wants to look out the window. The joy of the journey is gone. She sits quietly until the bus reaches her village, says a composed goodbye to the conductor, and runs home.
5. Resolution — Home and the secret smile: Valli returns home before her mother wakes. Her mother's words about not being able to fully understand things — spoken without any knowledge of Valli's journey — accidentally describe exactly what Valli has experienced. Valli smiles a secret smile: she now carries knowledge that separates her, briefly, from the adults who think she is just a little girl.
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Extract-Based Questions (Literature CBQ) — Set 1
"What had been a lovable, beautiful creature just a little while ago had now suddenly lost its charm and its life and looked so horrible, so frightening as it lay there, legs spreadeagled, a fixed stare in its lifeless eyes, blood all over… The memory of the dead cow haunted her, dampening her enthusiasm. She no longer wanted to look out the window."
Q1. What had this cow done earlier in the story that had delighted Valli?
L1 Recall
Earlier, the same young cow had galloped ahead of the bus with its tail held high in the air. The driver had honked repeatedly, but the more he honked, the faster the cow ran — always right ahead of the bus. Valli had found this extraordinarily funny and had laughed until tears came to her eyes.
Q2. "What had been a lovable, beautiful creature just a little while ago had now suddenly lost its charm and its life." What contrast is the author drawing here?
L4 Analyse
The author contrasts life and death — specifically the dramatic transformation of the same creature from a source of pure delight to an object of horror in a very short span of time. The contrast highlights the arbitrary, sudden nature of death: what is alive, beautiful, and joyful one moment can be dead and frightening the next, with no warning and no explanation. This contrast gives Valli — and the reader — a visceral understanding of death's reality that no abstract explanation could achieve.
Q3. "The memory of the dead cow haunted her, dampening her enthusiasm." Identify the literary device and explain its effect.
L4 Analyse
The word "haunted" is an example of personification — a memory is given the power of a ghost that "haunts" a person. The effect is powerful: it suggests that the image of the dead cow has invaded Valli's mind in a way she cannot control or dismiss. "Dampening" is a metaphor — enthusiasm is compared to a fire that can be dampened (made wet, extinguished). Together, these devices convey the depth and permanence of the impression death has made on Valli's consciousness — something that cannot be unseen or unthought.
Q4. The story is called "Madam Rides the Bus" — yet the bus journey itself is not the most important event. What do you think is the true heart of the story? [HOT]
L5 Evaluate
The true heart of the story is not the bus journey but Valli's encounter with death — specifically the dead cow. The journey is the vehicle (literally and figuratively) for a deeper interior journey: Valli's transition from innocent, unquestioning joy to a first, bewildering awareness that beauty and life are fragile and temporary. The title is deliberately ironic — "Madam Rides the Bus" sounds like a light, comic adventure, which the first half of the story indeed is. But the story's emotional core is the moment Valli sees the dead cow and the world changes for her, permanently and quietly. The final scene — her secret smile and her mother's unknowing wisdom — confirms this: the most important journey Valli has taken is an inward one.
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Extract-Based Questions (Literature CBQ) — Set 2
"So many things in our midst and in the world outside. How can we possibly know about everything? And even when we do know about something, we often can't understand it completely, can we?" "Oh, yes!" breathed Valli. Valli smiled to herself. She didn't want them to understand her smile. But, then, there wasn't much chance of that, was there?
Q1. Who is speaking the first lines? What is the irony in these words?
L4 Analyse
Valli's mother is speaking — unaware that her daughter has just returned from an entirely secret adventure. The irony is immense: the mother speaks of not being able to know or fully understand things that happen around us — and she is doing exactly this: she does not know what her own daughter has just experienced. The observation is philosophically true and personally ironic simultaneously.
Q2. Why does Valli smile "to herself"? What does this smile represent?
L4 Analyse
Valli's smile is the story's final, most resonant image. It represents several things simultaneously: her secret satisfaction at having successfully completed her independent adventure; her new, private knowledge of death that the adults around her do not suspect she possesses; her recognition that her mother's words are accidentally, perfectly true about her own situation; and a new, gentle sense of separateness from the adult world — she has crossed a threshold they don't know she has crossed. The smile is quiet, personal, and unrepeatable.
Q3. "But, then, there wasn't much chance of that, was there?" — who is asking this question, and what does it reveal about Valli's development? [HOT]
L5 Evaluate
The question is posed by the narrator — but it voices Valli's own consciousness. It reveals that Valli has, in the course of one afternoon, developed a form of wisdom that separates her from the adults around her — not because she is cleverer, but because she has experienced something they have not (at least not in the same visceral, immediate way). The rhetorical question ("there wasn't much chance of that, was there?") is gently ironic: it acknowledges the gap between child and adult understanding while also suggesting that adults, despite their greater knowledge, often miss the most important things happening around them. This is the story's deepest thematic statement.
Vocabulary Builder — Key Words from the Chapter
Wistfully
adverb
With a feeling of longing or gentle sadness, especially for something desired but unattained.
"Valli would stare wistfully at the passengers getting on and off the bus — longing to be one of them."
Discreet
adjective
Careful and circumspect in speech or actions; avoiding drawing attention. Valli's questions were "discreet" — she did not reveal her plans.
"She asked only discreet questions — careful never to reveal what she was planning."
Haughtily
adverb
In a proud, superior manner; with an attitude of looking down on others. Valli's haughtiness is both funny and revealing — an eight-year-old performing grown-up dignity.
"'There's nobody here who's a child,' she said haughtily — drawing herself up to her full height."
Repulsive
adjective
Arousing intense distaste or disgust; deeply unpleasant. Valli's use of this strong word for the elderly woman reveals the intensity of a child's unfiltered reactions.
"Valli found the woman absolutely repulsive — the smell of betel nut, the oversized earring holes."
Spreadeagled
adjective / past participle
With the legs and arms stretched out wide — the posture of a fallen or dead creature. The word is viscerally physical and contributes to the horror of the dead cow scene.
"The cow lay spreadeagled by the roadside, its legs flung out, lifeless eyes staring at nothing."
Haunted
verb (past tense)
Recurred repeatedly to the mind; was impossible to forget or dismiss. Used here as a metaphor — the memory of the dead cow "haunted" Valli like a ghost.
"The memory of the dead cow haunted her for the rest of the return journey."
Thriftily
adverb
In a careful, economical way; spending money only when necessary. Valli saves her money "thriftily" — resisting every temptation.
"She had saved thriftily — every coin that came her way was put aside, never spent on sweets or toys."
Thoroughfare
noun
A busy public road or street. Valli's bus passes through the town's "wider thoroughfare" — a busy shopping street.
"The bus turned into a wider thoroughfare lined with glittering shops and large crowds."
Thinking about the Text — Comprehension
Q1 2 Marks
What kind of a person is Valli? Find evidence from the text to support your answer.
Valli is a determined, independent, curious, and spirited eight-year-old. Her determination shows in her months-long planning and saving. Her independence is evident in her refusal to accept the conductor's helping hand ("I can get on by myself") and her refusal of the free cold drink. Her curiosity drives her entire adventure. Her spirit shows in her haughty replies to adult passengers who treat her as a child. She is also perceptive and sensitive — her reaction to the dead cow shows emotional depth beyond her years.
Q2 3 Marks
What does Valli see on her way to the town? What aspects of the journey excite her most?
Valli sees a beautiful landscape from the bus window: the road running along a canal bank, with palm trees, green grassland, distant mountains, and the blue sky on one side, and deep ditches with acres of green fields on the other. She also sees the gleaming interior of the new bus — the silver-like overhead bars, the beautiful clock, the soft seats. The sight that excites her most is the young cow galloping ahead of the bus — she laughs until tears come to her eyes. The entire journey is a revelation for a child who had never before ventured beyond her village.
Q3 5 Marks
"The story of Valli's bus ride is also a story of her induction into the mystery of life and death." Discuss this statement with close reference to the text.
The "Before You Read" section describes the story as Valli's "induction into the mystery of life and death" — and this is precisely what the story delivers. The bus journey begins as a pure adventure: Valli's excitement at the landscape, her delight in her own independence, her laughter at the galloping cow. This is life in its most vivid, joyful form.
The dead cow on the return journey is the story's pivot. The same creature that was a source of pure joy is now horrible — "legs spreadeagled, a fixed stare in its lifeless eyes, blood all over". Valli is not prepared for this. She knows, intellectually, that animals and people die. But she has never felt death's reality so immediately and shockingly.
The title tells us this is "Madam Rides the Bus" — a journey of independence and discovery. But the real discovery is not the town or the bus, but death itself. Valli returns home quiet, carrying a new knowledge that no one else in her house suspects. Her mother's accidental wisdom — about how we cannot fully understand the things around us — and Valli's secret smile confirm that the story is a coming-of-age moment: Valli has taken her first, bewildering step into adult knowledge.
Grammar Workshop — Active and Passive Voice
Active voice: The subject performs the action. Passive voice: The subject receives the action. In narrative writing, active voice creates energy; passive voice can be used to shift focus from the doer to the deed.
Active: A fast-moving vehicle struck the cow.
Passive: The cow was struck by a fast-moving vehicle.
Active: The conductor punched the ticket and handed it to her.
Passive: The ticket was punched and handed to her by the conductor.
Exercise: Identify Active or Passive and transform each sentence.
1. Valli saved sixty paise over many months. [Active → convert to Passive]
Sixty paise were saved by Valli over many months.
2. The bus was driven carefully along the canal road. [Passive → convert to Active]
The driver drove the bus carefully along the canal road.
Notice that the sentence "A fast-moving vehicle struck the cow" (Active) places emphasis on the unknown vehicle — something threatening. The passive version "The cow was struck by a fast-moving vehicle" places the cow at the centre of the sentence — which mirrors Valli's perspective, where the cow (not the vehicle) is the focus of her attention and grief. Choosing between active and passive is not just grammar — it is a choice about where to direct the reader's attention.
Writing Craft — Diary Entry and Article
Prompt 1 — Diary Entry (L6 Create): Write a diary entry (120–150 words) as Valli, written on the evening of her bus journey. Describe what you saw, felt, and experienced — including the dead cow. Capture both the joy of independence and the sorrow of your encounter with death.
120–150 words
DIARY ENTRY FORMAT
──────────────────
Date: [day, month, year]
Dear Diary,
[Opening — set the tone]
[Body — describe events chronologically]
[Reflection — what you learnt or felt]
[Closing — personal thought or question]
[Signature: Valli]
Prompt 2 — Short Story Paragraph (L5 Evaluate): The conductor says "Better save some for tomorrow" when Valli laughs at the cow. Ironically, the cow is dead "tomorrow" (i.e., on the return journey). Write a paragraph (80 words) analysing this irony and what it contributes to the story's theme.
Prompt 3 — Article (L3 Apply): Write an article (150 words) for a children's magazine titled "The Freedom of a First Journey" — about what it feels like to do something truly independent for the first time. Use Valli's story as inspiration, but write from your own experience or imagination.
150 words
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Madam Rides the Bus — Class 10 First Flight Ch 9 about in NCERT English?
Madam Rides the Bus — Class 10 First Flight Ch 9 is a lesson from the NCERT English textbook that covers important literary and language concepts. The lesson includes vocabulary, literary devices, comprehension exercises, and writing tasks aligned to the CBSE curriculum.
What vocabulary is important in Madam Rides the Bus — Class 10 First Flight Ch 9?
Key vocabulary words from Madam Rides the Bus — Class 10 First Flight Ch 9 are highlighted throughout with contextual meanings, usage examples, and interesting facts. Click any highlighted word to see its full definition and example sentence.
What literary devices are used in Madam Rides the Bus — Class 10 First Flight Ch 9?
Madam Rides the Bus — Class 10 First Flight Ch 9 uses various literary devices including imagery, symbolism, and figurative language. These are identified with coloured tags throughout the text for easy recognition and understanding by students.
What exercises are included for Madam Rides the Bus — Class 10 First Flight Ch 9?
Exercises include extract-based comprehension questions in CBSE board exam format, grammar workshops connected to the passage, vocabulary activities, and creative writing tasks with model answers provided.
How does Madam Rides the Bus — Class 10 First Flight Ch 9 help in board exam preparation?
Madam Rides the Bus — Class 10 First Flight Ch 9 includes CBSE-format extract-based questions, long answer practice with model responses, and grammar exercises that mirror board exam patterns. All questions follow Bloom's Taxonomy levels L1-L6.
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