This story asks us to think about what it means to be an outsider — and how our words and silences can either include or exclude people. Think carefully before you read.
Anticipation 1: Have you ever watched someone being left out or teased in school? Did you speak up, stay quiet, or join in? Why?
Anticipation 2: Imagine a classmate who always wears the same dress to school but claims she has a hundred beautiful dresses at home. Would you believe her? Would you laugh?
Predict: The story features a girl named Wanda Petronski. From her name alone — what do you think her background might be? How do you think her classmates treat her?
Think About It: What is the difference between teasing someone "just for fun" and actual bullying? Can silence make you as guilty as the one doing the teasing?
Vocabulary Warm-Up
Aloofness Keeping to oneself; emotional distance
Incredulous Unable to believe something; disbelieving
Exquisite Extremely beautiful; finely made
Lineup A row of people or things arranged in a line
Stolidly In a calm, unemotional, expressionless manner
Bragging Talking with excessive pride about one's achievements
Key themes to watch: The story explores bullying, social exclusion, empathy, and moral cowardice. Wanda, a Polish immigrant, is mocked by her classmates for her unusual name and her claim to own a hundred dresses. Maddie — the narrator's friend and conscience — slowly realises her guilt in staying silent. The author Eleanor Estes uses a simple school setting to explore the deep pain of not belonging.
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Eleanor Estes
American Author1906–1988Children's LiteratureNewbery Honor
Eleanor Estes was a celebrated American author of children's fiction, best known for her warm yet socially conscious stories. The Hundred Dresses (1944) earned a Newbery Honor and is considered a groundbreaking work in children's literature for its sensitive handling of bullying and the immigrant experience. Estes drew on her own childhood in West Haven, Connecticut, USA. The story reflects her deep belief that children must be taught empathy, moral courage, and the consequences of passive cruelty.
The Story — The Hundred Dresses Part I
1
Each morning, Wanda Petronski arrived late at Room Thirteen. She would slip quietly into her seat in the last row, near the windows. The other children barely noticed her — except to remark that she always came in alone, and always wore the same faded blue dress, washed but never quite clean-looking, crinkled with many washings. She sat in the corner near the rough boys, who sometimes threw paper planes and made noise, yet no one thought much of it. For Wanda was the kind of person who appeared invisible without quite disappearing. Imagery
2
It was Peggy who had first started the game. Peggy was the most popular girl in the class — pretty, with curly red hair. She was not mean, exactly. She simply thought it was funny to ask Wanda the same question every day: "How many dresses did you say you had?" And Wanda would always reply, standing very still and stolidly, "A hundred." "A hundred!" Peggy would cry, her eyes wide in mock surprise, nudging the other girls. "All lined up in the closet?" "Yes," said Wanda. "All lined up. And they're all different colours." Irony
3
Maddie, Peggy's best friend, always stood close by when this happened. She never laughed, but she never said anything either. Maddie was not well-off herself — she wore hand-me-downs and faded clothes not so different from Wanda's. Something inside her always felt uncomfortable during these encounters — as though she were swallowing something sour — but she told herself Peggy didn't mean any real harm. Metaphor It was just a joke. Just a bit of fun. No one was getting hurt.
4
One day at recess, Peggy and Maddie were waiting for Wanda, the way they always did now — it had become a habit, a daily ritual without their quite realising it. They stood at the corner near the school building. Wanda was always alone. She had no friends of her own. She lived far away, on Boggins Heights, where the poorer families clustered in tumble-down houses, where mud gathered at the bottom of steep lanes after rain. Imagery Wanda's father worked hard, but the family had little. She had no one to walk to school with.
Read and Find Out — Section 1
Where did Wanda sit in the classroom, and why is this detail significant?
What did Wanda claim when asked about her dresses? How did Peggy and the other girls react?
Why did Maddie feel uncomfortable during the teasing, but say nothing?
Ans 1: Wanda sat in the last row near the windows, close to the rough boys. This is significant because it shows she is socially marginalised — placed where no one important sits, away from the main group, making her effectively invisible.
Ans 2: Wanda claimed she had a hundred dresses, all lined up in her closet, all different colours. Peggy and the girls reacted with mocking disbelief, turning it into a daily game to ridicule her claim — they never genuinely tried to understand or respect her.
Ans 3: Maddie felt uncomfortable because she herself was poor and recognised a kind of kinship with Wanda. However, she stayed silent out of fear — fear of losing Peggy's friendship, fear of being mocked herself. Her silence was a form of moral cowardice.
5
One Monday in November, the teacher, Miss Mason, announced a drawing contest — all the girls were to draw dresses and the boys to draw motorboats. The best designs would be displayed. The class hummed with excitement. On the day the winners were announced, the entire class gathered around the display board. Arranged across the room — pinned carefully, neatly, breathtakingly — were a hundred drawings. And every single one of them was of a different dress. Symbolism
6
The drawings were exquisite. Each one showed a stunning dress — velvets and silks, ball gowns and casual dresses, dresses with embroidery and lace, each distinct in colour and design. The class stood in silence, genuinely awed. And pinned to each design was a small label: Wanda Petronski. Every single one. Wanda had entered a hundred drawings. Wanda had drawn a hundred dresses. And suddenly, with a chill that was almost physical, Maddie understood. She had not been lying. Irony
7
Wanda won first prize. Miss Mason read out the announcement quietly and with great care, and then she pointed to the row of glorious coloured drawings and said, "These are so original, so vivid, so full of life — Wanda Petronski has given us a hundred dresses that none of us will ever forget." There was a ripple of genuine applause. But Wanda was not there to hear it. She had not come to school that day. She had not come to school the day before. Irony
Read and Find Out — Section 2
What was the drawing contest about? How did Wanda surprise everyone?
What did the labels on the drawings reveal? What realisation struck Maddie?
Why is it deeply ironic that Wanda was absent when she was announced the winner?
Ans 1: The drawing contest asked girls to design dresses and boys to design motorboats. Wanda submitted a hundred different dress designs — stunning, original, and varied — shocking the entire class with her artistic talent.
Ans 2: Every drawing bore the label "Wanda Petronski." This revealed that Wanda's claim of owning a hundred dresses had a deeper truth — she had them in her imagination and in her art. Maddie was struck by the realisation that they had been cruelly mocking something that was, in Wanda's own way, absolutely real.
Ans 3: It is deeply ironic because Wanda — who was mocked and isolated throughout — proves to have the greatest talent of all. Yet the moment of her triumph is the very moment she has left the school, perhaps driven away by the very humiliation that her classmates inflicted. She receives recognition without being present to experience it.
Character Relationship Map — The Hundred Dresses I
Maddie — The story's moral conscience. She is Peggy's best friend but secretly uncomfortable with the teasing. She herself is poor and recognises Wanda's situation, yet stays silent out of fear. Her guilt is the emotional core of the story.
Peggy — The most popular girl in class. She initiates and leads the teasing of Wanda without understanding the harm she causes. She is not presented as purely evil — but her thoughtlessness and social power make her the main agent of Wanda's pain.
Wanda Petronski — A Polish immigrant girl from Boggins Heights, always wearing the same faded blue dress. She claims to own a hundred dresses. She is an outsider who is mocked, yet she possesses extraordinary artistic talent and quiet dignity. She never retaliates.
Miss Mason — The teacher who announces the drawing contest and praises Wanda's work. She later reads out a letter from Wanda's father, which forces the class to confront the consequences of their behaviour.
Vocabulary Power — Key Words from the Story
Stolidly
adverb
In a calm, unemotional, expressionless way — without showing feeling.
"Wanda stood stolidly and answered every question without flinching."
Incredulous
adjective
Unwilling or unable to believe something; showing disbelief.
"The class was incredulous when they saw all hundred drawings were by Wanda."
Exquisite
adjective
Extremely beautiful or carefully made; of exceptional quality.
"The dresses Wanda drew were exquisite — every detail was perfect."
Aloofness
noun
A state of being remote, distant, or unfriendly in manner.
"Wanda's aloofness was not pride — it was the armour of someone often hurt."
Scuffling
verb
Moving with a shuffling, scraping sound; struggling messily.
"The boys were scuffling in the back row when the teacher entered."
Clenched
verb / adjective
Closed tightly, especially the fist or teeth, showing tension or determination.
"Maddie walked away with clenched fists, knowing she should have spoken up."
Extract-Based CBQ
Competency-Based Questions — CBSE Format
Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow.
"Each day Wanda wore the faded blue dress that didn't hang right. It was clean, but it looked as though it had never been ironed properly. She didn't have any friends, but a lot of girls talked to her. Sometimes, two or three girls would start up a game of asking Wanda how many dresses she had in her closet. The answer was always the same. A hundred dresses, all lined up."
Q1. What does the detail about Wanda's "faded blue dress" reveal about her situation?
L2 Understand
2 marks
The faded blue dress reveals that Wanda comes from a poor family and cannot afford multiple outfits. The fact that it is "clean but never properly ironed" suggests her family tries to maintain dignity despite poverty — the dress is cared for, but limitations are visible. This detail also contrasts sharply with her claim of owning a hundred dresses, creating the central irony of the story.
Q2. "A lot of girls talked to her" — but Wanda had no real friends. What does this contradiction suggest about the nature of peer interaction in the story?
L4 Analyse
3 marks
This contradiction reveals that the girls' interaction with Wanda was not genuine friendship but a form of social amusement — they "talked to her" only to ask the same mocking question about her dresses. True friendship involves respect and empathy; what the girls offered was performative engagement meant to entertain themselves. This distinction is central to the story's critique of how bullying can masquerade as casual social interaction.
Q3. Identify the literary device in the phrase "clean, but it looked as though it had never been ironed properly." What effect does this create?
L4 Analyse
2 marks
The author uses imagery to create a visual picture of Wanda's appearance. The contradiction between "clean" and "never ironed properly" creates a nuanced portrait — one that conveys both effort and limitation. It invites readers to see Wanda's dignity within her poverty, rather than simply mocking her appearance as her classmates do.
Q4. If you were Maddie, what would you have said to Peggy the first time she started asking Wanda about her dresses? (L6 Create — Write 3–4 sentences)
L6 Create
4 marks
Sample response: "Peggy, I don't think we should keep asking Wanda the same question. I know it seems funny, but imagine how it feels to be asked the same thing every day when everyone already thinks you're lying. We don't even know her — why are we making her uncomfortable? Let's just leave her alone." This response shows empathy, moral courage, and the ability to challenge a friend's behaviour without being unkind.
Extract-Based CBQ 2
Wanda's Hundred Dresses — The Drawing Contest
"Then, for the first time, the class saw the hundred dresses. They were all drawn with coloured pencils and showed a great variety of designs, all lined up now in the classroom. There were tall ones, beautiful ones, ones with velvet trim and others of solid satin — every one different, every one breathtaking."
Q1. What is the significance of the phrase "for the first time, the class saw the hundred dresses"?
L2 Understand
2 marks
The phrase marks a pivotal turning point. Until this moment, the class had only ever laughed at Wanda's claim. Now they are confronted with the actual, tangible reality of the hundred dresses — not as physical clothes, but as vivid, skilfully drawn designs. The word "first time" underscores the irony: the class finally sees the truth only when Wanda is no longer there to witness their recognition.
Q2. Wanda's drawings are described as showing "a great variety of designs." What does this reveal about her inner world?
L4 Analyse
3 marks
The variety and richness of Wanda's drawings reveal an extraordinarily creative and imaginative inner world. Despite wearing one faded dress in real life, she had visualised — and beautifully rendered — a hundred different, unique outfits. This suggests that Wanda's claim was not a lie but an artistic truth: she possessed these dresses in her imagination. It shows that poverty of circumstance does not mean poverty of mind or creativity.
Q3. Do you think Wanda was wrong to claim she had a hundred dresses? Evaluate her claim in light of the drawings. (L5 Evaluate)
L5 Evaluate
4 marks
Wanda was not wrong in any morally significant sense. When asked mockingly about her dresses, she spoke a truth that was imaginative and artistic rather than literal. She genuinely had a hundred dresses — drawn with exceptional skill and care — living in her mind and on paper. One could argue she was defending her dignity with the only power available to her: her imagination. The cruelty lay not in her claim but in the mockery of those who lacked the empathy to look beyond the surface. Her "hundred dresses" were more real in terms of beauty and creativity than anything her mockers possessed.
Thinking About the Text — Comprehension Questions
Q1 — Short Answer 2 marks
Where did Wanda live and what was it like?
Wanda lived in Boggins Heights — a neighbourhood on the outskirts, where poorer families lived in run-down houses. The area was characterised by muddy lanes and a general lack of facilities. It was far from the school, which meant Wanda always walked alone, arriving without companions.
Q2 — Short Answer 2 marks
Why did Wanda always sit in the corner of the classroom near the windows?
Wanda sat in the last row near the windows because she always arrived a little late and her feet were often muddy. The teacher placed her there — near the rough boys, away from the centre of social activity. This physical placement reinforced her social isolation.
Q3 — Long Answer 5 marks
Describe the character of Maddie. Why is she considered the moral centre of the story?
Maddie is a quiet, thoughtful girl who is Peggy's best friend but is not herself wealthy — she wears cast-off clothes and understands poverty. She is the story's moral centre because the entire narrative is filtered through her conscience. She never joins in the teasing, but crucially, she never stops it either. Her silence represents a kind of guilt that is more complex than active cruelty. Throughout Part I, she feels an unnamed discomfort that grows into genuine shame. Her character embodies the question the author asks the reader: is it enough to not be cruel, if you allow cruelty to continue unchallenged? Maddie's journey toward self-examination and eventual remorse is the true emotional arc of the story.
Q4 — Value-Based 4 marks
Why do you think Wanda never complained about the daily teasing or told a teacher?
Wanda's silence in the face of daily mockery reflects several possibilities: firstly, as an immigrant child, she may have learned that speaking up only draws more attention and more ridicule. Secondly, she may have possessed a quiet dignity that refused to give her tormentors the satisfaction of seeing her distressed. Thirdly, her family's background may have taught her endurance over complaint. Her silent stoicism is a form of strength, not weakness — she responds not with words but with art, channelling her pain into the hundred magnificent dresses she draws for the contest. This makes her both a victim and a quietly powerful figure in the story.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is The Hundred Dresses — I about in NCERT English?
The Hundred Dresses — I is a lesson from the NCERT English textbook that covers important literary and language concepts. The lesson includes vocabulary, literary devices, comprehension exercises, and writing tasks aligned to the CBSE curriculum.
What vocabulary is important in The Hundred Dresses — I?
Key vocabulary words from The Hundred Dresses — I are highlighted throughout with contextual meanings, usage examples, and interesting facts. Click any highlighted word to see its full definition and example sentence.
What literary devices are used in The Hundred Dresses — I?
The Hundred Dresses — I uses various literary devices including imagery, symbolism, and figurative language. These are identified with coloured tags throughout the text for easy recognition and understanding by students.
What exercises are included for The Hundred Dresses — I?
Exercises include extract-based comprehension questions in CBSE board exam format, grammar workshops connected to the passage, vocabulary activities, and creative writing tasks with model answers provided.
How does The Hundred Dresses — I help in board exam preparation?
The Hundred Dresses — I includes CBSE-format extract-based questions, long answer practice with model responses, and grammar exercises that mirror board exam patterns. All questions follow Bloom's Taxonomy levels L1-L6.
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