India is a land of extraordinary diversity — every region carries its own flavours, landscapes, and stories. This chapter offers three windows into that diversity. Consider these before you begin.
Prediction 1 (A Baker from Goa): If you visited a traditional Goan village at dawn, what sights, sounds, and smells might you encounter? What role do you think a baker plays beyond just selling bread?
Prediction 2 (Coorg): Coorg is described as a 'piece of heaven'. What features would make a place earn such a description? Think of landscapes, people, and culture.
Prediction 3 (Tea from Assam): You sip a cup of tea every morning — but do you know where that tea comes from and how it reaches your cup? What do you imagine a tea garden looks like?
Vocabulary Warm-Up
Nostalgic Longing fondly for the past
Monsoon A seasonal wind bringing heavy rainfall
Folklore Traditional stories, customs of a community
Plantation A large farm where crops are cultivated
Heritage Traditions and values passed down through generations
Altitude Height above sea level
Key themes to watch for: Cultural identity through food and tradition · Nature as a source of wonder and tourism · India's regional diversity · The intersection of modern life and ancient customs · Nostalgia as a literary device.
Piece I — A Baker from Goa
Lucio Rodrigues
LR
Lucio Rodrigues
Goan WriterDescriptive ProseCultural Memory
Lucio Rodrigues is a Goan writer whose work captures the distinctive culture, food traditions, and social fabric of Goa. In this piece, he nostalgically revisits the figure of the village baker — a central part of Goan life — and explores how Portuguese colonial heritage continues to shape Goan identity through bread, language, and community ritual.
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Our elders still recall with warmth the pader — the traditional Goan baker — with genuine affection. When I was a child, the sound of the baker's bamboo staff tapping against doorsteps was a familiar, comforting rhythm in the early morning. Those days may belong to the past, but the Goan bakers — and their trade — survive to this day. Symbolism
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The baker made his rounds twice a day — once in the morning, and again in the evening. His visits in the morning were the ones children loved most. He arrived before anyone had even thought of brushing their teeth. The jingling sound of his bamboo pole, beaten rhythmically, would wake the children, who would scramble out of bed and run to him. Their elders did not hurry — they knew the baker would return. Imagery
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The baker wore a peculiar outfit — a kabai, a single-piece long frock that reached down to his knees. This distinctive costume was the mark of his profession. Even today, although many bakers have modernised their dress, some still wear a shortened version of this traditional garment. The bread he carried — bol, baath, khaari — was more than food; it was an entire cultural identity baked into every loaf. Metaphor
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The baking profession was a prosperous one in Goa. The baker's family never went without — their monthly accounts were always settled. He collected his dues at the end of each month, not daily. The baker's furnace — an enormous wood-fired oven — was the beating heart of the household. Marriage feasts, religious celebrations, and everyday life all revolved around his loaves. A marriage without the traditional sweet bread known as bol was simply unthinkable. Hyperbole
Read and Find Out — A Baker from Goa
What sound announced the arrival of the baker each morning? How did children and elders respond differently?
Describe the baker's traditional costume. What was it called, and what did it signify?
Why does the writer say that a marriage without bread (bol) was unthinkable in Goa?
Ans 1: The baker announced his arrival by tapping a bamboo staff against doorsteps, creating a distinctive jingling sound. Children would leap out of bed excitedly, while elders remained calm, knowing the baker would come again.
Ans 2: The traditional baker's costume was called a kabai — a single-piece long garment reaching to the knees. It identified the baker immediately and served as a badge of his profession and Goan Portuguese heritage.
Ans 3: Bread — particularly the sweet bol — was central to Goan celebrations. Since every festival, wedding, and social occasion required bread, the baker was indispensable. His role was not merely commercial but deeply social and cultural.
Piece II — Coorg
Lokesh Abrol
LA
Lokesh Abrol
Travel WriterNature ProseKarnataka
Lokesh Abrol writes evocative travel prose that captures the essence of Indian destinations for modern readers. In this piece on Coorg (Kodagu), Karnataka's smallest district, he paints a vivid picture of mist-covered hills, brave Kodava warriors, and lush coffee plantations — making a compelling case for why Coorg is called the "Scotland of India".
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Midway between Mysore and the coastal town of Mangalore lies Coorg — a district of Karnataka known for its remarkable natural beauty, coffee, and spices. It is the kind of place that makes visitors want to return. Imagery The region first receives the monsoon rains as they sweep in from the Arabian Sea, and everything is bathed in green — from the peaks of the Western Ghats to the carpet of coffee plantations stretching across the valleys below.
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The Kodava people, the proud inhabitants of Coorg, have a distinct identity that sets them apart from the rest of India. Symbolism They are believed to be of Greek or Arab origin — some historians suggest that they may be descendants of Alexander's army, who settled in this region and intermarried with the local population. Whatever their lineage, the Kodavas are renowned for their hospitality, their martial tradition, and their striking appearance. They are the only community in India permitted by law to carry firearms without a licence. Irony
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Coorg is also a destination for lovers of nature and adventure. Kaveri river, one of India's sacred rivers, has its origins here, emerging from a spring at Talakaveri in the hills of Coorg. Adventure enthusiasts can trek through dense forests, indulge in river rafting on the Barapole, take rides on elephants at the Dubare Elephant Camp, or explore the region on mountain bikes. Imagery The air itself seems thick with the scent of coffee blossoms.
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The natural world around Coorg is extraordinarily rich. Macaques, Malabar squirrels, langurs, elephants, and the occasional leopard move through the forests. Personification Birds fill the canopy — the racket-tailed drongos, hornbills, kingfishers, and the Malabar grey hornbill among them. The best season to visit is between September and March, when the weather is crisp and the coffee plants are in bloom, filling the entire district with a fragrance that seems borrowed from paradise.
Read and Find Out — Coorg
Where is Coorg located? What makes it different from other tourist destinations in India?
What is the legend about the origin of the Kodava people? What unusual legal privilege do they possess?
Name three adventure activities available in Coorg.
Ans 1: Coorg lies midway between Mysore and Mangalore in Karnataka. It stands out for its combination of natural beauty, cultural uniqueness, biodiversity, and adventure tourism — making it a destination that appeals to a wide range of travellers.
Ans 2: The Kodavas are believed by some to be descendants of Alexander's army or Arab settlers. Their most notable legal privilege is the right to carry firearms without a licence — a tribute to their historic martial tradition.
Ans 3: Visitors to Coorg can enjoy trekking through forests, white-water rafting on the Barapole river, and elephant rides at the Dubare Elephant Camp. Mountain biking is also popular in the region.
Piece III — Tea from Assam
Arup Kumar Datta
AD
Arup Kumar Datta
Assamese AuthorTravel ProseCultural Reportage
Arup Kumar Datta is an Assamese writer best known for his children's literature and travel writing. In this excerpt, two students — Rajvir and Pranjol — travel by train into Assam, and the narrative blends the sights of a tea garden journey with the fascinating folklore and history of tea drinking. Datta uses this journey structure to educate and enchant in equal measure.
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"How wonderful!" breathed Rajvir as the train rolled through a seemingly endless sea of green. Metaphor On either side of the tracks, flat land stretched all the way to the horizon — not a hill or a bump to break the monotony — but covered entirely in carefully tended rows of small, dark green tea bushes. Dotting this green expanse were shade trees — tall, leafy and evenly spaced — and in the distance, the white-walled outlines of the factory and planter's bungalow.
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Pranjol looked up from his book and smiled. "This is Assam," he said simply. "These are tea gardens — the largest in the world. India produces more tea than any other country." Rajvir pressed his nose to the glass, watching the women workers in bright sarees moving through the rows, baskets strapped to their backs, their fingers quick and precise as they plucked the tender two leaves and a bud that make the finest tea. Imagery
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Rajvir had done his reading. He shared with Pranjol the two legends about the origin of tea. The first was a Chinese legend: a Chinese emperor who always boiled his water before drinking it was sitting in his garden when some leaves from a nearby plant drifted into his pot. The brew had a delightful aroma, and the emperor tasted it — thus accidentally discovering tea. Imagery The second was an Indian legend: a Buddhist monk named Bodhidharma was meditating so intensely that he feared falling asleep. He cut off his eyelids and threw them on the ground; from those eyelids, a plant grew — the tea plant — whose leaves, when brewed, kept one awake. Symbolism
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The train eventually pulled into the station, and Pranjol's father — a manager at a tea estate — met them. Driving through the plantation, Rajvir marvelled at the scale of everything. The tea bushes were pruned to waist height, forming an unbroken canopy. The factory nearby processed the leaves that would eventually become the cup of tea on someone's breakfast table. Each worker plucked with astonishing speed, and the air smelled of fresh green leaves and damp earth. Imagery Rajvir realised that every cup of tea was, in its own small way, a story of land, labour, and legend.
Read and Find Out — Tea from Assam
What did Rajvir see from the train window as they entered Assam? Describe the scene.
Narrate the two legends about the origin of tea that Rajvir shares with Pranjol.
What is the correct way to pluck tea leaves? Why is this important?
Ans 1: Rajvir saw a vast expanse of green tea bushes stretching in neat rows to the horizon, with shade trees dotting the fields. Women workers moved through the rows picking leaves, while a factory and bungalow stood in the distance.
Ans 2: (a) A Chinese emperor accidentally discovered tea when leaves blew into his pot of boiling water. (b) The Buddhist monk Bodhidharma cut off his eyelids to stay awake during meditation; a tea plant grew from them, and its brew prevented sleep.
Ans 3: The correct method is to pluck only the top two leaves and one bud from each shoot — this yields the most delicate, flavourful tea. Plucking older, tougher leaves produces inferior quality.
Theme Web — Glimpses of India
Central Theme — India's Cultural Diversity: The three pieces together form a mosaic of India — food traditions in Goa, warrior heritage in Coorg, and agricultural identity in Assam. The authors use regional specificity to celebrate national diversity, showing that "India" is not one story but many simultaneously unfolding narratives.
Food and Tradition (Goa): The baker from Goa embodies how food is not merely sustenance but identity. Bread — particularly bol — anchors Goan festivals and rites of passage. Food becomes a vehicle for memory and belonging.
Nature and Adventure (Coorg): Coorg's lush forests, the sacred Kaveri river, and the wildlife-rich landscape represent India's astonishing natural heritage. The piece positions nature as both a spiritual resource and a modern adventure destination.
Nostalgia and Memory: In "A Baker from Goa", the writer explicitly invokes his childhood memories. The elders' recollections of the baker serve as a bridge between generations — nostalgia here becomes an act of cultural preservation.
Labour and Tea (Assam): The tea-picking women in bright sarees represent the invisible human labour behind everyday pleasures. Each cup of tea is, as Rajvir reflects, a story of "land, labour, and legend" — an ethical lens through which consumption is made meaningful.
Cultural Identity: All three pieces grapple with identity — what makes a Goan, a Kodava, or an Assamese distinct. Food, dress, custom, and legend are the markers of identity. The chapter collectively argues that regional identity enriches rather than divides India.
Folklore and Legend: "Tea from Assam" contains two legends about the origin of tea — one Chinese, one Indian. Legend-telling is a way of humanising historical events and making them accessible, memorable, and meaningful across cultures.
Portuguese Heritage (Goa): The baker's kabai, the bol, and the very tradition of bread-making in Goa are legacies of the Portuguese colonial period. The piece explores how colonial heritage can be absorbed and transformed into something distinctly and proudly local.
Vocabulary Builder — Key Words from the Chapter
Pader
noun (Goan Portuguese)
The traditional Goan baker who made and delivered bread to homes every day.
"The pader's familiar jingling announced the start of every morning in the village."
Kabai
noun (Goan)
A single-piece long garment worn by the traditional Goan baker; a mark of the profession.
"He was easily recognised by his starched white kabai reaching to his knees."
Monsoon
noun
The seasonal wind from the Arabian Sea that brings heavy rainfall to India's western coast and beyond.
"Coorg receives the first monsoon showers, turning its hills an intense shade of green."
Kodava
noun / adjective
The indigenous people of Coorg (Kodagu district), known for their martial tradition, hospitality, and distinct customs.
"The Kodava people are one of the few communities in India with the right to bear firearms without a licence."
Plantation
noun
A large farm or estate where cash crops like tea, coffee, or rubber are grown commercially.
"The tea plantation stretched for miles, its neat rows of green bushes gleaming in the morning sun."
Pruned
verb (past participle)
Cut back (a plant) to encourage healthy growth and make it easier to harvest.
"The tea bushes were pruned to waist height so that workers could pick the tender buds with ease."
Bodhidharma
proper noun
A Buddhist monk of Indian origin (5th–6th century CE) credited in legend with transmitting Buddhism to China and, mythically, with the origin of the tea plant.
"According to one legend, Bodhidharma's eyelids gave birth to the very first tea plant."
Talakaveri
proper noun
The source of the Kaveri river, located in the Brahmagiri hills of Coorg — a sacred pilgrimage site for Hindus.
"Pilgrims travel to Talakaveri to bathe at the origin of the holy Kaveri river."
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Extract-Based Questions (Literature CBQ) — Set 1: A Baker from Goa
"Our elders still remember the pader with great affection. The baker used to be an important person in Goa. His arrival in the morning was a source of great joy for the children. They would scramble out of their sleep and rush to him — such was the delight he brought to the doorstep every single day."
Q1. Who was the pader, and why do the elders remember him with affection?
L2 Understand
The pader was the traditional Goan baker who visited homes every morning and evening to deliver bread. The elders remember him with affection because he was a familiar, comforting presence in their childhood — his arrival marked the start of the day and was a source of pleasure and community bonding. He represents an older, simpler way of life that is fondly missed.
Q2. "They would scramble out of their sleep" — what does this reveal about the children's relationship with the baker?
L4 Analyse
The children's eager scrambling reveals that the baker's arrival was a highlight of their day — more exciting than the prospect of food alone. He represented freshness, warmth, and the promise of a new day. This detail also shows that, for children, the baker was a joyful figure whose arrival had the same effect as a festival. It highlights how strongly food and ritual are intertwined in Goan culture.
Q3. What does the writer's use of the word "still" in "Our elders still remember" suggest about the writer's attitude?
L4 Analyse
The word "still" carries a note of gentle surprise and nostalgia — as if the writer is slightly amazed that such memories persist in a rapidly changing world. It also implies that although much has changed in Goa (and in India generally), the emotional memory of the baker endures. This word anchors the piece in a tension between past and present — a tension central to the entire chapter.
Q4. Do you think traditions like the pader's trade have a place in modern India? Should they be preserved or allowed to fade? [HOT]
L5 Evaluate
Traditions like the pader's trade carry immense cultural value — they represent artisanal skill, community bonds, and heritage that modern industrial production cannot replicate. While it may not be economically feasible for every baker to operate in the old way, the tradition of hand-made, locally baked bread deserves protection — perhaps through cultural organisations, craft fairs, and GI (Geographical Indication) tags like those used to protect Darjeeling tea. Letting such traditions fade entirely would impoverish India's cultural fabric.
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Extract-Based Questions (Literature CBQ) — Set 2: Coorg
"The Kodavas are possibly of Greek or Arab descent. As one story goes, a part of Alexander's army moved south along the coast and settled in Coorg when return became impractical. Local folklore suggests that the Kodavas intermarried with the local people and were converted to local religions and customs."
Q1. What does the legend about Alexander's army tell us about the Kodava people's sense of identity?
L4 Analyse
The legend suggests that the Kodavas have a proud sense of their own uniqueness. By tracing their ancestry to Alexander's army, they root themselves in a narrative of strength, adventure, and historical grandeur. This legend also explains their distinctive customs, martial temperament, and physical appearance — features that set them apart from their neighbours. The willingness to maintain such a legend shows how deeply identity is tied to storytelling.
Q2. Identify a literary device in "the air itself seems thick with the scent of coffee blossoms" and explain its effect.
L4 Analyse
The device is imagery (specifically olfactory/sensory imagery). The phrase makes the reader almost smell the coffee blossoms — it is a highly immersive description that invites the reader to experience Coorg viscerally rather than merely intellectually. The word "thick" also gives the air an almost tangible, fabric-like quality, suggesting that the fragrance is so pervasive it becomes part of the physical landscape.
Q3. Why do you think the author calls Coorg "a piece of heaven"? Is this an effective description? [HOT]
L5 Evaluate
The description "a piece of heaven" is effective as a rhetorical device — it immediately signals superlative natural beauty and creates a powerful first impression. However, it is also a generalisation; Coorg is remarkable because of its combination of specific features: the Kaveri's origin, the Kodava culture, the biodiversity, and the coffee and spice farms. A more specific description would be more accurate, but the hyperbolic label works as travel writing — it evokes aspiration and desire to visit, which is the genre's primary goal.
Thinking about the Text — Comprehension Exercise
Question 1 2 Marks
What is the significance of bread in Goan culture? How does the author convey this?
Bread in Goa is not merely food — it is the centrepiece of cultural and social life. The author conveys this by noting that no celebration, from weddings to religious festivals, is complete without the traditional sweet bread bol. The baker's daily rounds, the children's excitement, and the reference to the baker's financial security all show that bread occupies a special place in Goan society. The author's nostalgic, affectionate tone reinforces this cultural centrality.
Question 2 3 Marks
Compare the three regions described in 'Glimpses of India'. What makes each one unique?
The three regions contrast beautifully. Goa is defined by its Portuguese colonial legacy — the bread-making tradition, the baker's costume, and the community warmth of early-morning deliveries. Coorg stands apart through its dramatic landscapes, martial Kodava people, sacred river, and biodiversity — a destination that offers nature and cultural depth simultaneously. Assam is characterised by its vast tea gardens, the invisible but crucial labour of its workers, and the fascinating legends surrounding tea's origin. Together, they demonstrate that India's greatness lies in the richness of its regional identities.
Question 3 5 Marks
How does the chapter 'Glimpses of India' celebrate the idea of cultural diversity? Use evidence from all three pieces to support your answer.
'Glimpses of India' is structured as a celebration of India's remarkable cultural mosaic. Each piece focuses on a different state and highlights a distinct tradition. In Goa, the bread-making tradition rooted in Portuguese colonial history shows how cultures can absorb foreign influences and make them their own. In Coorg, the warrior heritage and the sacred Kaveri river demonstrate how geography and history together shape a community's identity. In Assam, the tea garden landscape — with its ancient legends and visible human labour — reveals how a simple daily ritual connects us to centuries of history and global trade. By juxtaposing these three very different Indias, the chapter argues that diversity is India's greatest strength, and that every region is simultaneously a world unto itself and a part of a larger, magnificent whole.
Grammar Workshop — Noun Phrases and Descriptive Language
Rule: Descriptive noun phrases in travel writing
Travel writing uses elaborate noun phrases to create vivid pictures. Notice how modifiers (adjectives, prepositional phrases) are stacked before or after the noun.
Simple: "rows of tea bushes"
Elaborated: "carefully tended, evenly spaced rows of small, dark-green tea bushes stretching to the horizon"
Simple: "Coorg forests"
Elaborated: "dense, mist-wreathed forests teeming with macaques, langurs, and the occasional prowling leopard"
Exercise 1: Active/Passive Voice
The chapter uses both active and passive voice. Identify the voice and transform these sentences.
Active: "The workers pluck the two leaves and a bud."
Passive: "The two leaves and a bud are plucked by the workers."
Active: "The baker delivered bread to every household."
Passive: "Bread was delivered to every household by the baker."
Exercise 2: Semicolons and sentence rhythm
Combine these pairs of related ideas using semicolons to improve rhythm, as writers like Arup Kumar Datta do.
Separate: "The monsoon hits Coorg first. The hills turn an intense green."
Combined: "The monsoon hits Coorg first; the hills turn an intense green."
In travel writing, the semicolon creates balanced, rhythmic sentences that feel both authoritative and aesthetically pleasing. Practise combining: "The baker came every morning. Children rushed to meet him." → "The baker came every morning; children rushed to meet him."
Writing Craft — Travel Article
Prompt 1: Write a short travel article (150 words) about a place in India that you know well or have visited. Use vivid descriptive language, at least one piece of local folklore or tradition, and at least two sensory details (sight, sound, smell, taste, or touch).
Word Limit: 150 words
TRAVEL ARTICLE FORMAT
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Title : [Catchy, evocative]
Opening : Hook with a striking image or question
Body Para 1: Describe the landscape / location
Body Para 2: Describe the people / culture / tradition
Body Para 3: A legend, festival, or food tradition
Closing : Why readers must visit / what the place teaches
Useful Expressions for Travel Writing
Nestled between... Used to describe a location surrounded by natural features
The air is thick with... To convey dominant sensory impressions
Legend has it that... To introduce folklore or historical anecdote
No visit is complete without... To highlight a must-do experience
A mosaic of... To describe cultural complexity
Stretching to the horizon... To convey vastness of landscape
Prompt 2: Imagine you are the baker from Goa writing a diary entry about how your trade has changed over the decades. Write the entry (120 words), capturing both the nostalgia for the old ways and the realities of the present. (L6 Create)
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Glimpses of India — 1 about in NCERT English?
Glimpses of India — 1 is a lesson from the NCERT English textbook that covers important literary and language concepts. The lesson includes vocabulary, literary devices, comprehension exercises, and writing tasks aligned to the CBSE curriculum.
What vocabulary is important in Glimpses of India — 1?
Key vocabulary words from Glimpses of India — 1 are highlighted throughout with contextual meanings, usage examples, and interesting facts. Click any highlighted word to see its full definition and example sentence.
What literary devices are used in Glimpses of India — 1?
Glimpses of India — 1 uses various literary devices including imagery, symbolism, and figurative language. These are identified with coloured tags throughout the text for easy recognition and understanding by students.
What exercises are included for Glimpses of India — 1?
Exercises include extract-based comprehension questions in CBSE board exam format, grammar workshops connected to the passage, vocabulary activities, and creative writing tasks with model answers provided.
How does Glimpses of India — 1 help in board exam preparation?
Glimpses of India — 1 includes CBSE-format extract-based questions, long answer practice with model responses, and grammar exercises that mirror board exam patterns. All questions follow Bloom's Taxonomy levels L1-L6.
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