This MCQ module is based on: 6.3 Number Pyramids
6.3 Number Pyramids
This mathematics assessment will be based on: 6.3 Number Pyramids
Targeting Class 8 level in General Mathematics, with Basic difficulty.
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6.3 Number Pyramids
In a number pyramid?, each number is the sum of the two numbers directly below it in the row. Here is a small pyramid:
Filling a partially given pyramid
How do we fill a pyramid like the one below, where the top is 10 and one bottom cell contains 4?
Let us place letters in the unknown cells. If the bottom row is \(a, b, c\), then the middle row is \(a+b, b+c\) and the top is \((a+b) + (b+c) = a + 2b + c\).
Top = bottom-left + 2 × bottom-middle + bottom-right, i.e. \( \text{top} = a + 2b + c \).
Worked Example — filling from top
Pyramid has top 60 and bottom row 12, c, 8. What is \(c\)?
Using \( 60 = 12 + 2c + 8 \Rightarrow 2c = 40 \Rightarrow c = 20 \). The middle row becomes \(12 + 20 = 32\) and \(20 + 8 = 28\), which add to 60. ✓
For a 3-row pyramid with all unknowns in the bottom: top \( = a + 2b + c \). If the bottom is \(a, b, c\) and you want top = 50, one quick choice is \(a = 10, b = 15, c = 10\) because \(10 + 30 + 10 = 50\).
Pyramid with four rows
For a 4-row pyramid with bottom \(a, b, c, d\), the top is \( a + 3b + 3c + d\) — you can check this by building up the rows using the "sum of the two below" rule. Notice the "Pascal-triangle" coefficients 1, 3, 3, 1.
6.4 Fun with Grids — Calendar Magic
A page from an August 2025 calendar is given. Your friend picks a 2 × 2 grid? from this calendar, adds the 4 numbers in this grid and tells you the sum.
| Sun | Mon | Tue | Wed | Thu | Fri | Sat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | |||||
| 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
| 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 |
| 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
| 31 |
Let the top-left corner of the 2 × 2 block be \(a\). Then the 4 cells are \(a\), \(a+1\), \(a+7\), \(a+8\) (because the row below adds 7 days, and the next column adds 1).
Sum \(= a + (a+1) + (a+7) + (a+8) = 4a + 16\).
To recover \(a\) from the sum \(S\): \(a = (S - 16)/4\). All 4 numbers follow immediately.
Example 1 — Sum is 36
Given \(S = 36\): \(a = (36 - 16)/4 = 5\). The grid is 5, 6, 12, 13.
Create your own calendar trick
Use a different grid shape and find its sum-to-corner formula. For a 3 × 3 grid with top-left \(a\), the sum of all 9 cells is \(9a + 72\). From the sum, \(a = (S-72)/9\).
Algebra Grids — shapes as letters
In the following grids, shapes represent numbers. In each row, the last column is the sum of the values to its left. How do we find the values of the shapes?
Example: ■ ■ ■ = 27, ● ● ■ ■ = 19, ● ● ■ = ?. From the first row, 3■ = 27 → ■ = 9. From the second row, 2● + 2(9) = 19 → 2● = 1 → ● = 0.5. So ● ● ■ = 0.5 + 0.5 + 9 = 10.
- Ask your friend to secretly choose a 2×2 block on the calendar and tell you only the sum of the 4 numbers.
- Compute \(a = (S - 16)/4\) mentally.
- Announce the 4 dates: \(a\), \(a+1\), \(a+7\), \(a+8\).
- Repeat with a 3×3 block, using \(a = (S-72)/9\).
- Try a 2×3 block and derive its formula first. (Answer: sum \(= 6a + 24\).)
Cells of 2×3 block with top-left \(a\): \(a, a+1, a+2, a+7, a+8, a+9\). Sum = \(6a + (0+1+2+7+8+9) = 6a + 27\). So \(a = (S - 27)/6\). (The earlier "24" was for an unrelated shape; derive each block yourself!)
6.5 The Largest Product
Fill the digits 2, 3, and 5 in the boxes □ □ × □ using each digit once. What is the largest product possible?
There are six arrangements: 23×5 = 115, 32×5 = 160, 25×3 = 75, 52×3 = 156, 35×2 = 70, 53×2 = 106.
The largest is 32 × 5 = 160. Can we see why without computing all six? Let the multiplier be the single digit \(m\) and let the two-digit factor have tens digit \(t\) and units digit \(u\). The product is \((10t + u) \cdot m = 10tm + um\). To maximise, \(tm\) (the tens contribution) should be as big as possible — so place the largest remaining digit in the tens place of the two-digit number.
The bigger of the two numbers that will be multiplied by the tens place contributes the most. In \(p \cdot qr\), the larger of \(\{p, q, r\}\) should be the tens digit; the next largest is the multiplier; the smallest is the units digit.
For digits \(p, q, r\) with \(p < q < r\), the 6 possible products are \(pq \cdot r, qp \cdot r, pr \cdot q, rp \cdot q, qr \cdot p, rq \cdot p\). The largest is \(qr \cdot p\) — that is, put the two largest digits into the 2-digit number (larger in the tens place) and the smallest as the multiplier.
□ □ × □: largest product = 73 × 1? Let's check: 73 × 1 = 73, 71 × 3 = 213, 37 × 1 = 37, 31 × 7 = 217, 17 × 3 = 51, 13 × 7 = 91. Largest is 31 × 7 = 217 — so the multiplier is the largest digit when there is a very small digit around. The rule flips for very lopsided digits. (ii) Digits 3, 5, 7: largest = 75 × 3 = 225? Check: 75 × 3 = 225, 73 × 5 = 365, 57 × 3 = 171, 53 × 7 = 371, 37 × 5 = 185, 35 × 7 = 245. Largest is 53 × 7 = 371.6.6 Decoding Divisibility Tricks
Mukta shows Shubham a trick: "Choose a 2-digit number of different digits. Don't reveal it! Reverse the digits to get another number. Find their difference. Divide the result by 9. No remainder!"
Let the original 2-digit number be \(\overline{ab} = 10a + b\). The reversed number is \(\overline{ba} = 10b + a\). Difference = \((10a + b) - (10b + a) = 9a - 9b = 9(a - b)\). Since the difference is \(9 \times\) (integer), it is divisible by 9. And the quotient equals \(a - b\).
Quotient of 9 and divisibility by 11
Extending the trick: what if we add the number and its reverse? \( (10a + b) + (10b + a) = 11a + 11b = 11(a + b) \). The sum is divisible by 11, with quotient \(a + b\).
Figure it Out — End-of-Chapter Exercises
Puzzle Time — Karim and the Genie
Karim was taking a nap under a tree. He had a dream about a magical lamp and a genie. The genie said, "I have come to serve you, Oh master!"
Karim asked, "Can you give me money?" "As much as you want!", said the genie, "All you have to do is go around the banyan tree once. The money in your pocket will double!" Karim started walking around the tree. After one round the money in his pocket doubled. But the genie said, "Since I am bringing you great riches, you must give me 8 coins each time you go around the tree."
Karim agreed. After Round 1 his money doubled; he gave 8 coins. Same for Round 2 and Round 3. After Round 3 he found he had 0 coins left. The genie disappeared with a laugh!
Questions: (i) How many coins did Karim initially have? (ii) For what cost per round should Karim agree to the deal, if he wants to increase the number of coins? (iii) If the genie knows Karim has \(n\) coins, how should the cost per round be set so that it gets all of Karim's coins?
(ii) For his money to grow after one round, we need \(2x - c > x\), i.e. \(c < x\). So Karim should only agree if the cost \(c\) per round is less than his current pocket amount \(x\). (iii) For the genie to drain \(n\) coins in exactly 3 rounds: set \(8n - 7c = 0 \Rightarrow c = 8n/7\). In general, after \(k\) rounds, money = \(2^k n - (2^k - 1)c\); set to zero → \(c = \dfrac{2^k n}{2^k - 1}\).
Competency-Based Questions
□ □ × □ to maximise the product. The teacher wants students to justify why certain placements work, not just try all six arrangements.Assertion–Reason Questions
Reason (R): \((10a + b) + (10b + a) = 11(a + b)\).
Reason (R): The middle element of the bottom row appears in both middle cells of the next row, so it is counted twice in the top.
Reason (R): \(1001 = 7 \times 11 \times 13\).
- Draw a 4-row pyramid outline on graph paper.
- Tell your friend: top = 50, and one bottom cell = 5. Ask them to find all possible bottom rows.
- Use \(a + 3b + 3c + d = 50\) with one unknown fixed; explore integer solutions.
- List at least 3 different pyramids that fit.
- Discuss: how many solutions exist if we allow only positive integers less than 20?
If \(a = 5\): \(3b + 3c + d = 45\). Try \(b = 5, c = 5, d = 15\); or \(b = 10, c = 1, d = 12\); or \(b = 4, c = 8, d = 9\). Many combinations work. Fixing bounds (e.g. digits 1–9 only) cuts the count dramatically.
Summary
- Algebra is very useful in modelling and understanding numerical scenarios. Because of this, it occurs in almost all areas of mathematics, science and beyond.
- Algebra is an indispensable tool in justifying mathematical statements — without variables, general claims remain guesses.
- We applied algebra to analyse Think-of-a-Number tricks, number pyramids, grid tricks, and ways of forming numbers using given digits to maximise certain products.
- We explored divisibility tricks: reversing 2-digit numbers gives differences divisible by 9 and sums divisible by 11. Repeating a 3-digit pattern gives multiples of 1001 (= 7 × 11 × 13).
- Algebra lets us design our own tricks and puzzles — once we know the algebraic structure, we can engineer outcomes.
Frequently Asked Questions — Chapter 6
What is Part 2 — Pyramids, Grids, Largest Product & Summary | Class 8 Maths Ch 6 Algebra Play | MyAiSchool in NCERT Class 8 Mathematics?
Part 2 — Pyramids, Grids, Largest Product & Summary | Class 8 Maths Ch 6 Algebra Play | MyAiSchool is a key concept covered in NCERT Class 8 Mathematics, Chapter 6: Chapter 6. This lesson builds the student's foundation in the chapter by explaining the core ideas with worked examples, definitions, and step-by-step methods aligned to the CBSE curriculum.
How do I solve problems on Part 2 — Pyramids, Grids, Largest Product & Summary | Class 8 Maths Ch 6 Algebra Play | MyAiSchool step by step?
To solve problems on Part 2 — Pyramids, Grids, Largest Product & Summary | Class 8 Maths Ch 6 Algebra Play | MyAiSchool, follow the NCERT method: identify the given quantities, choose the relevant formula or theorem, substitute values carefully, and simplify. Class 8 exercises gradually increase in difficulty — start with solved NCERT examples before attempting exercise questions, and always verify your answer by substitution or diagram.
What are the most important formulas for Chapter 6: Chapter 6?
The essential formulas of Chapter 6 (Chapter 6) are listed in the chapter summary and highlighted throughout the lesson in formula boxes. Memorise them and practise at least 2–3 problems per formula. CBSE board exams frequently test direct application as well as combined use of multiple formulas from this chapter.
Is Part 2 — Pyramids, Grids, Largest Product & Summary | Class 8 Maths Ch 6 Algebra Play | MyAiSchool important for the Class 8 board exam?
Part 2 — Pyramids, Grids, Largest Product & Summary | Class 8 Maths Ch 6 Algebra Play | MyAiSchool is part of the NCERT Class 8 Mathematics syllabus and appears in CBSE board exams. Questions typically include short-answer, long-answer, and competency-based items. Review the NCERT examples, exercise questions, and previous-year board problems on this topic to prepare confidently.
What mistakes should students avoid in Part 2 — Pyramids, Grids, Largest Product & Summary | Class 8 Maths Ch 6 Algebra Play | MyAiSchool?
Common mistakes in Part 2 — Pyramids, Grids, Largest Product & Summary | Class 8 Maths Ch 6 Algebra Play | MyAiSchool include skipping steps, misapplying formulas, sign errors, and losing track of units. Write each step clearly, double-check algebraic manipulations, and re-read the question after solving to verify that your answer matches what was asked.
Where can I find more NCERT practice questions on Part 2 — Pyramids, Grids, Largest Product & Summary | Class 8 Maths Ch 6 Algebra Play | MyAiSchool?
End-of-chapter NCERT exercises for Part 2 — Pyramids, Grids, Largest Product & Summary | Class 8 Maths Ch 6 Algebra Play | MyAiSchool cover all difficulty levels tested in CBSE exams. After completing them, try the examples again without looking at the solutions, attempt the NCERT Exemplar questions for Chapter 6, and solve at least one previous-year board paper to consolidate your understanding.