🎓 Class 10Social ScienceCBSETheoryCh 7 — Lifelines of National Economy⏱ ~15 min
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Lifelines of National Economy — Exercises
NCERT Contemporary India-II | Chapter 7: Lifelines of National Economy
NCERT Textbook Exercises
1. Multiple Choice Questions
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MCQs from NCERT
(i) Which two extreme locations are connected by the East-West corridor?
L3 Apply
(a) Mumbai and Nagpur
(b) Silchar and Porbandar
(c) Mumbai and Kolkata
(d) Nagpur and Siliguri
Answer: (b) Silchar and Porbandar — The East-West Corridor connects Silchar (Assam) in the east with Porbandar (Gujarat) in the west as part of the Golden Quadrilateral Super Highway project.
(ii) Which mode of transportation reduces trans-shipment losses and delays?
L3 Apply
(a) Railways
(b) Roadways
(c) Pipeline
(d) Waterways
Answer: (c) Pipeline — Pipelines transport crude oil, petroleum products, and natural gas in a continuous flow, eliminating loading/unloading and thereby removing trans-shipment losses and transit delays.
(iii) Which state is NOT connected with the H.V.J. pipeline?
L3 Apply
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Gujarat
(d) Uttar Pradesh
Answer: (b) Maharashtra — The HVJ (Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur) pipeline runs through Gujarat (Hazira), Madhya Pradesh (Vijaipur), and Uttar Pradesh (Jagdishpur). Maharashtra is not connected by this pipeline network.
(iv) Which port is the deepest landlocked and well-protected port along the east coast?
L3 Apply
(a) Chennai
(b) Paradwip
(c) V.O. Chidambaranar (Tuticorin)
(d) Vishakhapatnam
Answer: (d) Vishakhapatnam — It is the deepest landlocked and well-protected port on the east coast, originally developed for iron ore exports.
(v) Which is the most important mode of transportation in India?
L3 Apply
(a) Pipeline
(b) Railways
(c) Roadways
(d) Airways
Answer: (b) Railways — Railways are described in the textbook as the principal mode of transportation in India and have become more important than all other means put together in the national economy.
(vi) Which term describes trade between two or more countries?
L3 Apply
(a) Internal trade
(b) International trade
(c) External trade
(d) Local trade
Answer: (b) International trade — International trade refers to the exchange of goods between two or more countries through sea, air, or land routes.
2. Short Answer Questions (30 words)
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Brief Answer Questions
(i) State any three merits of roadways.
L3 Apply
Answer: (1) Roads have lower construction cost compared to railways. (2) They can traverse steep slopes and rugged terrain, including mountains. (3) They provide door-to-door service, eliminating additional loading/unloading costs and making them ideal for short-distance transport of small quantities.
(ii) Where and why is rail transport the most convenient means of transportation?
L3 Apply
Answer: Rail transport is most convenient in the northern plains of India because of the vast level terrain (easy track-laying), high population density (ensuring passenger demand), and rich agricultural resources (generating freight traffic). These conditions make railways both economically viable and practically efficient.
(iii) What is the significance of border roads?
L3 Apply
Answer: Border roads, built and maintained by the Border Roads Organisation (established 1960), serve strategic importance in the northern and north-eastern border areas. They improve accessibility in areas of difficult terrain, strengthen national security, and promote the economic development of remote border regions.
(iv) What is meant by trade? What is the difference between international and local trade?
L3 Apply
Answer: Trade is the exchange of goods among people, states, and countries. Local trade occurs within cities, towns, and villages. International trade takes place between two or more countries through sea, air, or land routes. While local trade involves everyday consumer goods, international trade involves a wider range of commodities and earns foreign exchange for the nation.
3. Long Answer Questions (120 words)
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Detailed Answer Questions
(i) Why are the means of transportation and communication called the lifelines of a nation and its economy?
L4 Analyse
Answer: Transport and communication are called lifelines because, just as blood vessels sustain a living body, these networks sustain a nation's economy and society. Transport moves raw materials to factories, finished goods to markets, and people to workplaces — without it, production and consumption cannot be connected. Communication enables the flow of information essential for business, governance, and social coordination. Together, they facilitate local, national, and global trade; connect remote areas with urban centres; promote national integration across India's linguistic and cultural diversity; enable tourism that earns foreign exchange; support agriculture by delivering inputs and moving produce to markets; and drive the IT and service sectors. A dense, efficient network is the prerequisite for economic growth in any modern nation.
(ii) Write a note on the changing nature of international trade in the last fifteen years.
L5 Evaluate
Answer: India's international trade has undergone significant transformation. Export composition has shifted from predominantly primary goods (agricultural products, raw materials) to manufactured goods and services. India's IT and software exports have grown dramatically, making the country a global technology services hub. Gems and jewellery, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals now form a major share of exports. Import patterns show continued dependence on petroleum crude (the largest import item) but with growing imports of electronic items, machinery, and base metals reflecting industrial modernisation. Trade partners have diversified beyond traditional markets to include East Asian countries, the Middle East, and Africa. The rise of e-commerce has enabled even small businesses to participate in global trade. India's integration with global supply chains has deepened through trade agreements and liberalisation policies, though a trade deficit persists mainly due to oil imports.
Additional Practice — CBQ
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Competency-Based Questions
Case Study: Two neighbouring states, State P and State Q, are debating how to improve connectivity. State P is a coastal state with two ports and a well-developed railway network. State Q is a landlocked hilly state with limited road access and no rail connectivity. Both need to transport agricultural produce to export markets.
Q1. Identify the transport advantages State P has over State Q.
L3 Apply
Answer: State P has coastal ports enabling direct access to international shipping routes (95% of India's trade volume moves by sea); a railway network that efficiently handles bulk freight over long distances; and multimodal transport options (road-rail-sea) that reduce overall logistics costs. State Q, being landlocked and hilly, must rely on roads alone, which are costlier per tonne for long-distance transport.
Q2. Analyse what transport improvements would benefit State Q most.
L4 Analyse
Answer: State Q would benefit most from: (1) All-weather highways connecting it to State P's ports and rail heads (the BRO/PMGSY model); (2) Possible railway extension through valley routes where terrain permits; (3) Air cargo facilities for high-value, low-weight agricultural products; (4) Improved road quality to reduce travel time and goods damage; (5) Cold storage facilities along transport corridors to preserve perishable produce during transit.
Q3. Evaluate whether air transport can serve as State Q's primary mode for exporting agricultural produce.
L5 Evaluate
Answer: Air transport is unlikely to serve as the primary export mode because: it is extremely expensive per tonne compared to road and sea; it has limited cargo capacity; most agricultural produce is bulky and low-value relative to weight (making air freight uneconomical); and airport infrastructure in hilly states is limited. However, air transport can play a niche role for high-value, perishable products (flowers, organic produce, spices) where speed justifies the cost. For bulk agricultural exports, an integrated road-to-port chain via State P would be far more practical and cost-effective.
HOT Q. Design a multi-modal transport strategy that allows State Q to export its unique agricultural products to international markets within 48 hours of harvest.
L6 Create
Hint: Consider a chain: farm-gate collection centres with cold storage; reefer trucks on improved all-weather highways to the nearest rail head or airport; express rail freight to State P's port for sea export (bulk goods) or to the nearest air cargo hub (premium goods); pre-clearance of customs documentation digitally; dedicated agricultural export zones at ports with fast-track processing. For premium items: helicopter collection from remote farms to district airports (UDAN scheme), then air cargo. The entire chain must have cold storage at every node and digital tracking.
⚖ Assertion–Reason Questions
Assertion (A): India has one of the largest postal networks in the world. Reason (R): Six specialised mail channels have been introduced to facilitate quick mail delivery.
(A) Both A and R are true, and R correctly explains A
(B) Both A and R are true, but R does not correctly explain A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false but R is true
Answer: (B) — Both are true, but the six mail channels (Rajdhani, Metro, Green, Business, Bulk Mail, Periodical) were introduced to improve speed of delivery in large cities, not to explain why India's postal network is one of the largest. The network's size is due to its extensive reach across the vast geography.
Assertion (A): International trade is considered the economic barometer of a country. Reason (R): The advancement of international trade indicates a country's economic prosperity and integration with global markets.
(A) Both A and R are true, and R correctly explains A
(B) Both A and R are true, but R does not correctly explain A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false but R is true
Answer: (A) — Both are true. International trade accurately reflects a country's economic health by indicating its productive capacity, competitiveness, and global integration, making R a correct explanation of A.
QUIZ DRIVE — Quick Recall
L3 Apply
Northern terminal of the North-South corridor.
The headquarter of the Southern Railway zone.
The rail gauge with a track width of 1.676 m.
A riverine port.
Busiest railway junction in Northern India.
Answers
1. Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir) 2. Chennai 3. Broad Gauge 4. Shyama Prasad Mookerjee Port, Kolkata 5. Mughal Sarai (now Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction)
Chapter 7: Lifelines of National Economy — All Parts
What are the important questions in NCERT Class 10 Geography Chapter 7?
NCERT Class 10 Geography Chapter 7 includes multiple-choice questions, short answer questions, long answer questions, and competency-based questions (CBQ). Students should focus on key concepts, definitions, and application-based reasoning from the chapter for thorough exam preparation.
How to prepare for Class 10 Geography Chapter 7 board exam?
To prepare effectively for Class 10 Geography Chapter 7, read the NCERT textbook carefully, understand key definitions and concepts, practise all exercise questions, attempt CBQ-style questions for higher-order thinking, and revise diagrams, timelines, or data tables from the chapter.
What is the marking scheme for Class 10 Geography in CBSE?
The CBSE marking scheme for Class 10 Geography typically includes 1-mark MCQs, 3-mark short answer questions, and 5-mark long answer questions. Competency-based questions (CBQ) involving case studies and data interpretation are also included as per NEP 2020 guidelines.
Are NCERT exercises sufficient for Class 10 Geography exams?
NCERT exercises form the foundation for Class 10 Geography exams. Most CBSE board questions are directly or indirectly based on NCERT content. Practising all in-text and end-of-chapter questions along with CBQ-format practice ensures comprehensive preparation.
What types of questions come from Chapter 7 in Class 10 Geography?
Chapter 7 of Class 10 Geography typically features objective-type MCQs, assertion-reason questions, short descriptive answers, map-based or diagram questions, and case-study based CBQ questions testing analysis and evaluation skills.
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