(i) Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material?
L3 Apply
(a) Aluminium Smelting
(b) Cement
(c) Paper
(d) Steel
Answer: (a) Aluminium Smelting — Bauxite is the ore from which aluminium is extracted through electrolytic smelting. About 4–6 tonnes of bauxite produce 2 tonnes of alumina, which yields 1 tonne of aluminium.
(ii) Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computers, etc.?
L3 Apply
(a) Steel
(b) Electronic
(c) Aluminium Smelting
(d) Information Technology
Answer: (b) Electronic — The electronics industry manufactures physical hardware products like telephones, televisions, computers, and radar systems. IT (Information Technology) refers to software and services, not hardware manufacturing.
2. Short Answer Questions (30 words)
✍
Brief Answer Questions
(i) What is manufacturing?
L3 Apply
Answer: Manufacturing is the process of producing goods in large quantities by converting raw materials into more valuable finished products using machinery and technology. For example, iron ore is converted into steel, and sugarcane into sugar.
(ii) What are basic industries? Give an example.
L3 Apply
Answer: Basic or key industries are those whose products serve as raw materials for manufacturing other goods. For example, the iron and steel industry produces steel that is used by automobile, construction, machinery, and defence industries.
3. Long Answer Questions (120 words)
📝
Detailed Answer Questions
(i) How do industries pollute the environment?
L4 Analyse
Answer: Industries cause four types of environmental pollution. Air pollution results from emission of gases like sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide, along with particulate matter from chemical factories, brick kilns, and smelting plants. Water pollution occurs when paper, textile, chemical, and tannery industries discharge dyes, acids, heavy metals, and organic waste into rivers. Land pollution is caused by dumping of glass, chemicals, industrial effluents, and packaging that renders soil infertile and contaminates groundwater. Noise pollution arises from industrial machinery, generators, and pneumatic drills, leading to hearing impairment, stress, and health issues. Thermal pollution from hot water discharge affects aquatic ecosystems. Nuclear waste from power plants causes severe long-term health problems.
(ii) Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry.
L5 Evaluate
Answer: Several steps can minimise industrial pollution. For water: minimise usage through reusing and recycling in successive stages; harvest rainwater; treat effluents through three phases — primary (screening, sedimentation), secondary (biological processes), and tertiary (chemical treatment enabling water recycling); regulate groundwater overdrawing. For air: fit factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers, and inertial separators; switch from coal to oil or gas. For noise: fit generators with silencers; redesign machinery for energy efficiency and lower noise; use noise-absorbing materials; provide protective gear to workers. Overall: adopt sustainable practices by creating green belts around factories, maximising waste utilisation (as NTPC does with ash), conducting regular ecological monitoring, and integrating economic development with environmental conservation.
Additional Practice — CBQ
📋
Competency-Based Questions
Case Study: District X has a new cement factory being built near a village. Villagers are concerned about limestone quarrying destroying their farmland, dust pollution affecting health, and heavy truck traffic damaging local roads. The factory promises 500 jobs.
Q1. Identify the raw materials the cement factory would require.
L3 Apply
(A) Iron ore, coal, limestone
(B) Limestone, silica, gypsum, coal
(C) Bauxite, cryolite, electricity
(D) Cotton, dyes, chemicals
Answer: (B) — Cement production requires bulky raw materials including limestone, silica, and gypsum, along with coal for energy and electric power. Rail transportation is also essential.
Q2. Analyse the trade-off between industrial development and the villagers' concerns.
L4 Analyse
Answer: The factory offers 500 jobs and economic development (tax revenue, ancillary businesses, improved infrastructure). However, limestone quarrying may destroy farmland, dust pollution harms respiratory health, heavy truck traffic damages roads and causes noise. The challenge is to balance economic benefits with environmental and social costs through proper planning — using dust suppression systems, maintaining green belts, compensating affected farmers, and building dedicated transport infrastructure.
Q3. Evaluate whether the 500 jobs justify the environmental concerns raised by villagers.
L5 Evaluate
Answer: Jobs alone do not justify environmental degradation. Sustainable development requires both — the factory should implement pollution control measures (electrostatic precipitators for dust, water treatment, green belts), comply with environmental regulations, conduct regular health checks for villagers, restore quarried land progressively, and ensure fair compensation for land acquisition. With these safeguards, both development and environmental protection can be achieved.
HOT Q. Design a comprehensive plan that allows the cement factory to operate while protecting the interests of local villagers and the environment.
L6 Create
Hint: Include: environmental impact assessment before construction; dust control (covered conveyors, water sprinklers, precipitators); noise barriers and restricted truck timings; progressive land reclamation after quarrying; green belt plantations; dedicated access road for factory traffic; health monitoring for villages within 5 km; employment priority for local residents; community development fund from factory profits; regular third-party environmental audits.
⚖ Assertion–Reason Questions
Assertion (A): Manufacturing sector is called the backbone of economic development. Reason (R): It reduces dependence on agriculture, creates jobs, earns foreign exchange, and modernises the overall economy.
(A) Both A and R are true, and R correctly explains A
(B) Both A and R are true, but R does not correctly explain A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false but R is true
Answer: (A) — Both statements are correct and R provides the accurate reasons why manufacturing is considered the backbone of development.
Assertion (A): The chemical industry is its own largest consumer. Reason (R): Basic chemicals are further processed to produce other chemicals used across various sectors.
(A) Both A and R are true, and R correctly explains A
(B) Both A and R are true, but R does not correctly explain A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false but R is true
Answer: (A) — Both are correct. The chemical industry consumes its own basic products (sulphuric acid, soda ash, caustic soda) as inputs for manufacturing more refined chemicals, making it its own biggest customer.
ACTIVITY — Industry Terms
L3 Apply
Match the clues with the correct industry term:
(i) Used to drive machinery — 5 letters
(ii) People who work in a factory — 6 letters
(iii) Where the product is sold — 6 letters
(iv) A person who sells goods — 8 letters
(v) Thing produced — 7 letters
(vi) To make or produce — 11 letters
(vii) Land, Water and Air degraded — 9 letters
Answers
(i) Power (ii) Worker (iii) Market (iv) Retailer (v) Product (vi) Manufacture (vii) Pollution
What are the important questions in NCERT Class 10 Geography Chapter 6?
NCERT Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 includes multiple-choice questions, short answer questions, long answer questions, and competency-based questions (CBQ). Students should focus on key concepts, definitions, and application-based reasoning from the chapter for thorough exam preparation.
How to prepare for Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 board exam?
To prepare effectively for Class 10 Geography Chapter 6, read the NCERT textbook carefully, understand key definitions and concepts, practise all exercise questions, attempt CBQ-style questions for higher-order thinking, and revise diagrams, timelines, or data tables from the chapter.
What is the marking scheme for Class 10 Geography in CBSE?
The CBSE marking scheme for Class 10 Geography typically includes 1-mark MCQs, 3-mark short answer questions, and 5-mark long answer questions. Competency-based questions (CBQ) involving case studies and data interpretation are also included as per NEP 2020 guidelines.
Are NCERT exercises sufficient for Class 10 Geography exams?
NCERT exercises form the foundation for Class 10 Geography exams. Most CBSE board questions are directly or indirectly based on NCERT content. Practising all in-text and end-of-chapter questions along with CBQ-format practice ensures comprehensive preparation.
What types of questions come from Chapter 6 in Class 10 Geography?
Chapter 6 of Class 10 Geography typically features objective-type MCQs, assertion-reason questions, short descriptive answers, map-based or diagram questions, and case-study based CBQ questions testing analysis and evaluation skills.
🤖
AI Tutor
Social Science Class 10 — Contemporary India II (Geography)
Ready
🤖
Hi! 👋 I'm Gaura, your AI Tutor for Manufacturing Industries — Exercises. Take your time studying the lesson — whenever you have a doubt, just ask me! I'm here to help.