NCERT Exploring Society: India and Beyond (Grade 8, Part I) | Chapter 1: Natural Resources and Their Use — End-of-Chapter Exercises
Key Terms — Quick Revision
Natural Resources
Materials and substances that occur in nature and are valuable to humans, ranging from air and water to minerals and fossil fuels.
Renewable Resources
Resources that can be replenished naturally over time, such as solar energy, wind, water, and forests (if managed sustainably).
Non-Renewable Resources
Resources that exist in fixed quantities and cannot be replenished once exhausted, such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
Sustainability
Using resources in a way that meets present needs without compromising future generations, combining reduced pollution with local employment.
NCERT Textbook Exercises
1
What can make what is today a renewable resource non-renewable tomorrow? Describe actions that can prevent this.
L4 Analyse
Answer: A renewable resource can become non-renewable if it is overexploited faster than it can replenish. For example, forests are renewable but if deforestation exceeds the rate of regrowth, the resource is effectively non-renewable. Similarly, groundwater is renewable but over-extraction can deplete aquifers faster than rainfall recharges them.
Preventive actions: (i) Sustainable harvesting — extract only at rates matching natural replenishment. (ii) Afforestation and reforestation programmes. (iii) Rainwater harvesting to recharge groundwater. (iv) Strict regulation of extraction rates for forests, fisheries, and water.
2
Name five ecosystem functions that serve humans.
L2 Understand
Answer: Five ecosystem functions serving humans: (i) Air purification — Plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. (ii) Water purification — Wetlands and forests filter and clean water naturally. (iii) Soil formation — Decomposition of organic matter creates fertile soil for agriculture. (iv) Pollination — Insects, birds, and animals pollinate crops essential for food production. (v) Climate regulation — Forests and oceans absorb greenhouse gases and moderate temperatures.
3
What are renewable resources? How are they different from non-renewable ones? How can we ensure their continued availability?
L3 Apply
Answer:Renewable resources can be replenished naturally over time (solar energy, wind, water, forests). Non-renewable resources exist in fixed quantities and take millions of years to form (coal, petroleum, minerals).
Key difference: Renewable resources can sustain use indefinitely if managed properly, while non-renewable resources will eventually be exhausted.
Ensuring availability: (i) Sustainable harvesting — use at rates that allow natural regeneration. (ii) Protecting ecosystems that support resource renewal (forests, wetlands). Examples: Practising organic farming to maintain soil fertility; using drip irrigation to conserve water; following crop rotation to sustain land productivity.
4
Identify cultural practices in your home and neighbourhood that show mindfulness in the use of natural resources.
L3 Apply
Guidance: Look for practices such as: (i) Using tulsi or neem plants at home (medicinal use, traditional ecological knowledge). (ii) Reusing water from washing vegetables for gardening. (iii) Drying food items (vegetables, grains) in sunlight for preservation — an ancient method that uses solar energy. (iv) Composting kitchen waste for garden manure. (v) Traditional festivals that honour trees, rivers, and the earth (Vat Savitri, Chhath Puja). (vi) Using clay pots instead of plastic for cooling water.
5
What are some considerations to keep in mind in the production of goods for our current use?
L4 Analyse
Answer: Key considerations include: (i) Pollution control — production processes should minimise air, water, and soil pollution (as seen with cement industry guidelines by the Central Pollution Control Board). (ii) Sustainable materials — using renewable, recycled, or traditional materials (like mud construction at Auroville) instead of depleting non-renewable resources. (iii) Local employment — production methods should provide jobs to local communities. (iv) Climate-appropriate design — designing products suited to local conditions rather than one-size-fits-all approaches. (v) Equitable access — ensuring that basic resources like clean air and water are available to all sections of society.
Revision — Competency-Based Questions
📚 CBQ: Resources and Sustainability
Sikkim became India’s first 100% organic state in 2016. The transition was challenging — initially yields dropped as soil recovered from years of chemical use. Farmers switched to compost, natural pest repellents, and diversified crops. After five years, biodiversity flourished, tourism increased, and farmers’ incomes grew by 20% on average. India also launched the International Solar Alliance with France in 2015 to harness solar power across sunshine-rich nations.
Q1. Why did Sikkim’s yields initially drop during the transition to organic farming?
L2 Understand
Answer: Yields initially dropped because the soil needed time to recover from years of chemical fertiliser and pesticide use. Chemical farming depletes natural soil microorganisms and nutrients. When chemicals are removed, it takes several years for the soil ecosystem to rebuild naturally through composting and organic methods before reaching optimal productivity again.
Q2. How does the Bhadla Solar Park demonstrate India’s commitment to renewable energy?
L3 Apply
Answer: The Bhadla Solar Park in Rajasthan is one of the world’s largest solar installations, capable of generating enough electricity to power about 15% of Rajasthan’s current needs. It demonstrates India’s transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy and shows that sustainable alternatives can work at massive scale. Combined with the International Solar Alliance, it positions India as a global leader in solar energy.
Q3. Analyse the concept of lokasangraha from the Bhagavad Gita in the context of resource management.
L4 Analyse
Answer: Lokasangraha means acting for the wellbeing of all, transcending personal desires. Applied to resource management, it means we should not consume resources driven by personal greed but should consider the welfare of all people and future generations. This ancient Indian concept aligns with modern sustainability — resources like clean air and water must be accessible to everyone, and production methods should serve communal rather than purely individual benefit.
Q4. Design a plan for your school to reduce its consumption of non-renewable resources.
L6 Create
Sample plan: (i) Energy: Install solar panels on the roof; use LED lighting; ensure appliances are turned off when not in use. (ii) Water: Rainwater harvesting system; water-efficient taps; reuse canteen greywater for gardening. (iii) Materials: Reduce paper use through digital assignments; set up recycling stations; use refillable water bottles instead of plastic. (iv) Food: Start a school kitchen garden using organic methods; compost food waste. (v) Awareness: Monthly eco-audits by students; display resource consumption data on notice boards.
⚙ Variety Question Block
True / False
1. Coal and petroleum are renewable resources.
False
Correction: Coal and petroleum are non-renewable resources. They take millions of years to form and cannot be replenished once exhausted.
2. Sikkim became India’s first 100% organic state in 2016.
True
3. Solar energy is a non-renewable resource.
False
Correction: Solar energy is a renewable resource. The sun provides continuous energy that will not be exhausted in human timescales.
4. Overexploitation can turn a renewable resource into a non-renewable one.
True
Match the Following
Solar energy
→
Non-renewable
Petroleum
→
Renewable
Forests
→
Non-renewable (fossil fuel)
Coal
→
Renewable (if managed)
Correct matching: Solar energy → Renewable Petroleum → Non-renewable (fossil fuel) Forests → Renewable (if managed) Coal → Non-renewable
Creative / Open-Ended
Imagine your town runs out of petroleum products for one week. How would daily life change? What alternatives would people use for transport, cooking, and electricity? Write 4-5 sentences.
Review All Parts — Chapter 1: Natural Resources and Their Use
What are the important questions in NCERT Class 8 Geography Chapter 1?
NCERT Class 8 Geography Chapter 1 includes multiple-choice questions, short answer questions, long answer questions, and competency-based questions (CBQ). Students should focus on key concepts, definitions, and application-based reasoning from the chapter for thorough exam preparation.
How to prepare for Class 8 Geography Chapter 1 board exam?
To prepare effectively for Class 8 Geography Chapter 1, read the NCERT textbook carefully, understand key definitions and concepts, practise all exercise questions, attempt CBQ-style questions for higher-order thinking, and revise diagrams, timelines, or data tables from the chapter.
What is the marking scheme for Class 8 Geography in CBSE?
The CBSE marking scheme for Class 8 Geography typically includes 1-mark MCQs, 3-mark short answer questions, and 5-mark long answer questions. Competency-based questions (CBQ) involving case studies and data interpretation are also included as per NEP 2020 guidelines.
Are NCERT exercises sufficient for Class 8 Geography exams?
NCERT exercises form the foundation for Class 8 Geography exams. Most CBSE board questions are directly or indirectly based on NCERT content. Practising all in-text and end-of-chapter questions along with CBQ-format practice ensures comprehensive preparation.
What types of questions come from Chapter 1 in Class 8 Geography?
Chapter 1 of Class 8 Geography typically features objective-type MCQs, assertion-reason questions, short descriptive answers, map-based or diagram questions, and case-study based CBQ questions testing analysis and evaluation skills.
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