What is Exercises in NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 2?

Exercises is part 3 of Chapter 2 (Oceans and Continents) in NCERT Class 6 Social Science (Geography). The lesson uses interactive activities, definitions, and CBSE-aligned exercises to build understanding.

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Exercises

🎓 Class 6 Social Science CBSE Theory Ch 2 — Oceans and Continents ⏱ ~21 min

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Exercises

NCERT Social Science — Exploring Society: India and Beyond | Oceans and Continents

Chapter 2 Summary — Oceans and Continents Key Points

Summary

The Earth is called the "blue planet" because about three-fourths of its surface is covered by water (oceans and seas).
There are five oceans: Pacific (largest), Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic (smallest). All oceans are interconnected.
Oceans and continents are not equally distributed — the Southern Hemisphere has more water, while the Northern Hemisphere has more land.
Most of Earth's water is salty seawater. Freshwater (in glaciers, rivers, lakes, and underground) is a very small fraction.
Oceans bring rain (monsoons), but also cause disasters like cyclones and tsunamis.
The most common count of continents is seven: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia.
Smaller pieces of land surrounded by water are called islands. Greenland is the world's largest island. India has over 1,300 islands.
Oceans produce over half the world's oxygen, regulate climate, and support marine life. They are threatened by pollution and overfishing.

Key Terms

Ocean

A very large body of saltwater covering most of Earth's surface.

Continent

A large continuous expanse of land. Seven are most commonly listed.

Island

A piece of land surrounded by water on all sides, smaller than a continent.

Marine

Related to or found in the oceans and seas.

Flora & Fauna

Plant life (flora) and animal life (fauna) of a region.

Tsunami

A huge destructive ocean wave caused by an undersea earthquake or eruption.

NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 Questions, Activities & Projects

Q1. Explain the following terms:

L2 Understand

(a) Continent (b) Ocean (c) Island

Model Answer

(a) Continent: A continent is a large continuous expanse of land. There are seven continents commonly recognised — Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. Continents are surrounded by water but are too large to be classified as islands.

(b) Ocean: An ocean is a very large body of saltwater. The Earth has five oceans — Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic. Together, they cover about 71% of the Earth's surface and are all interconnected.

(c) Island: An island is a piece of land that is surrounded by water on all sides. Islands are smaller than continents. Greenland is the world's largest island, and India has more than 1,300 islands.

Q2. Let Us Draw — Freehand Continents

L6 Create

Without looking at the maps in this chapter, draw the continents freehand on a sheet of paper and colour them. Then compare your drawing with the map of oceans and continents from the chapter.

Guidance

Start with the general shapes you remember — Africa looks somewhat like a question mark, South America resembles a triangle, and Australia is shaped like a wide figure. Do not worry about getting every coastline perfect — the goal is to test your spatial memory. After drawing, compare with the actual map and note which continents you placed correctly and which ones need adjustment.

Q3. Let Us Do — Label the World Map

L3 Apply

On an outline map of the world, label all the continents and oceans.

Guidance

Seven continents to label: Asia (largest, in the east), Africa (south of Europe), Europe (northwest), North America (top left), South America (bottom left), Antarctica (bottom), Australia (bottom right).

Five oceans to label: Pacific Ocean (between Americas and Asia/Australia), Atlantic Ocean (between Americas and Europe/Africa), Indian Ocean (below Asia, between Africa and Australia), Southern Ocean (around Antarctica), Arctic Ocean (around the North Pole).

Q4. Solve This Crossword

Across

Abundantly produced by the oceans
A large expanse of landmass
A large continent of which India is a part
A major source of pollution of the oceans
The coldest continent

Down

The largest island on Earth
A huge destructive wave from the ocean
The smallest continent
The largest body of water on the Earth
A landmass (but not a continent) surrounded by sea or ocean

Crossword Answers

Clue	Direction	Answer
1. Abundantly produced by the oceans	Across	OXYGEN
2. The largest island on Earth	Down	GREENLAND
3. A large expanse of landmass	Across	CONTINENT
4. A huge destructive wave	Down	TSUNAMI
5. The smallest continent	Down	AUSTRALIA
6. A large continent of which India is a part	Across	ASIA
7. The largest body of water on Earth	Down	PACIFIC
8. A major source of pollution of the oceans	Across	PLASTIC
9. A landmass surrounded by sea	Down	ISLAND
10. The coldest continent	Across	ANTARCTICA

📋

Competency-Based Questions — Chapter Revision

Case Study: Priya is making a presentation for her school's annual Geography Exhibition. She wants to explain to younger students why we should care about oceans and how continents affect our daily lives. She is using a world map and some interesting facts.

Q1. Which is the correct order of oceans from largest to smallest?

L2 Understand

(A) Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, Southern
(B) Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, Arctic
(C) Indian, Pacific, Atlantic, Southern, Arctic
(D) Pacific, Indian, Atlantic, Arctic, Southern

Q2. Priya says the Indian Navy's motto is connected to a Vedic deity. What does this tell us about India's relationship with the ocean?

L3 Apply

Q3. Compare any two continents of your choice. Mention at least two differences and one similarity between them.

L4 Analyse

HOT Q. Design a pledge card for "World Oceans Day" (8 June) with five promises your class can make to protect the oceans. Explain the reasoning behind each promise.

L6 Create

🎯 Chapter Revision — Practice Questions

✅ True or False

1. The Earth's surface has more land than water.

2. All five oceans are interconnected.

3. Europe and Asia form a single continuous landmass.

4. India established its first Antarctic research station called "Maitri" in 1983.

5. The Indian Ocean is bounded by Africa to the west and Australia to the east.

Answers:
1. FALSE — About three-fourths (71%) of the Earth's surface is water. Land covers only about 29%.
2. TRUE — All five oceans are connected. Seawater flows freely between them.
3. TRUE — Europe and Asia form a single landmass, sometimes called Eurasia.
4. FALSE — India's first Antarctic research station was called "Dakshin Gangotri", not Maitri. It was established in 1983.
5. TRUE — The Indian Ocean is bordered by Asia to the north, Africa to the west, and Australia to the east.

🔗 Match the Following — Complete Chapter Review

1. Blue Planet

→

(a) 8 June

2. Varuna

→

(b) Earth

3. World Oceans Day

→

4. Dakshin Gangotri

→

(d) Andaman & Nicobar, Lakshadweep

5. India's island groups

→

(e) India's first Antarctic base

Answers: 1→(b), 2→(c), 3→(a), 4→(e), 5→(d)

✨ Think & Create

✨ You have been selected to represent India at a global children's conference on "Protecting Our Oceans." Prepare a short speech (5-6 sentences) where you explain why oceans are important, what threats they face, and what young people can do to help. Use at least three facts you learned from this chapter.

Guidance

Your speech should cover: (1) Oceans cover three-fourths of the Earth and produce over half the world's oxygen. (2) They regulate climate and bring monsoon rains essential for agriculture. (3) Threats include plastic pollution (millions of tonnes each year), overfishing, and climate change. (4) Actions young people can take — reducing plastic use, spreading awareness, participating in beach cleanups, and celebrating World Oceans Day on 8 June.

Chapter Concept Map — Oceans and Continents

L4 Analyse

EARTH'S SURFACE

▼

WATER (71%)

▼

Pacific Atlantic Indian Southern Arctic

▼

LAND (29%)

▼

7 Continents Lakhs of Islands

Figure: The Earth's surface is divided into water bodies (71%) and landmasses (29%).

Review All Parts — Chapter 2: Oceans and Continents

Frequently Asked Questions — Exercises

What are the important questions from NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 2?

Important questions include: Why is Earth called the Blue Planet? Name the five oceans from largest to smallest. What are the seven continents? How is water distributed on Earth? What causes tsunamis? Why is freshwater conservation important? What is the difference between a continent and an island? These questions cover all key concepts from the NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 on Oceans and Continents.

How should I prepare Chapter 2 Oceans and Continents for Class 6 exams?

To prepare Chapter 2 effectively, memorise the names and order of the five oceans and seven continents by size. Understand the water-land distribution ratio (71:29). Know key facts about each continent and ocean. Practice locating them on a blank world map. Review the freshwater crisis and tsunami concepts. Use the NCERT textbook questions as your primary revision tool, as exam questions are often based on these exercises.

What are the five oceans in order from largest to smallest?

The five oceans from largest to smallest are: Pacific Ocean (largest and deepest, covering about one-third of Earth's surface), Atlantic Ocean (second largest, S-shaped), Indian Ocean (third largest, named after India), Southern Ocean (fourth, surrounding Antarctica), and Arctic Ocean (smallest, located around the North Pole). Together, these five oceans are interconnected and form the World Ocean.

Name the seven continents and their key features for Class 6.

The seven continents are: Asia (largest, most populated, has Mount Everest), Africa (second largest, has Sahara Desert), North America (has Great Lakes), South America (has Amazon Rainforest), Antarctica (coldest, no permanent residents), Europe (smallest in mainland area, culturally diverse), and Australia/Oceania (smallest continent). NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 covers interesting facts about each one.

What is the water distribution on Earth in percentage?

About 71 percent of Earth's surface is covered by water, while 29 percent is land. Of all Earth's water, approximately 97 percent is saltwater in oceans and seas. Only about 3 percent is freshwater, and most of that is locked in ice caps and glaciers. Less than 1 percent is available as usable freshwater in rivers, lakes, and groundwater. This uneven distribution explains why freshwater conservation is critically important.

What map activities are included in NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 2?

NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 includes map activities where students must locate and label the five oceans and seven continents on a world map. Students also identify India's neighbouring ocean (Indian Ocean) and mark important features like the Pacific Ring of Fire. These hands-on map exercises strengthen geographical awareness and are commonly tested in school examinations.

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